Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39255339›Full record

ArticleCancer immunology research2024

Integrated Germline and Somatic Features Reveal Divergent Immune Pathways Driving Response to Immune Checkpoint Blockade.

Timothy J Sears, Meghana S Pagadala, Andrea Castro, Ko-Han Lee, JungHo Kong, Kairi Tanaka, Scott M Lippman, Maurizio Zanetti, Hannah Carter

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Cancer immunology research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
10citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

10 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Interferon Epsilon Loss Is Elusive 9p21 Link to Immune-Cold Tumors, Resistant to Immune Checkpoint Therapy, and Endogenous CXCL9/10 Induction.Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer · 2025
    Review
  7. Regulatory polymorphisms ofJournal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025
    Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Timothy J SearsBioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0002-4868-1509
Meghana S PagadalaBiomedical Sciences Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0002-7591-6035
Andrea CastroTumour Immunogenomics and Immunosurveillance Laboratory, University College London Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom.ORCID 0000-0002-5873-2496
Ko-Han LeeBioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0002-9162-3486
JungHo KongDivision of Genomics and Precision Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0002-3532-3163
Kairi TanakaSchool of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0009-0004-1575-2587
Scott M LippmanMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0002-1643-4124
Maurizio ZanettiMoores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0001-6346-8776
Hannah CarterBioinformatics and Systems Biology Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California.ORCID 0000-0002-1729-2463

Funding

Large Scale Sequencing and Analysis of GenomesU54HG003067 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GABRIEL, STACEY, LANDER, ERIC S · 2004 to 2015
$568.6M
TR&D 3 - Network Guided Machine LearningP41GM103504 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI IDEKER, TREY · 2012 to 2024
$17.3M
THE CANCER EPITOPE DATABASE AND ANALYSIS RESOURCEU24CA248138 · NCI · LA JOLLA INSTITUTE FOR IMMUNOLOGY · PI PETERS, BJOERN, SETTE, ALESSANDRO · 2021 to 2025
$4.6M
Mapping immuno-genomic drivers of the head and neck precancer invasive-disease transitionU01CA290479 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Ludmil B Alexandrov, Jorge Silvio Gutkind · 2023 to 2026
$3.1M
Comprehensive identification of germline-somatic interactionsR01CA269919 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Ludmil B Alexandrov, Hannah Kathryn Carter · 2022 to 2026
$2.2M
Mark Foundation For Cancer Research (The Mark Foundation for Cancer Research) #18-022-ELANational Cancer Institute (NCI) R01CA269919NCI NIH HHS R01 CA269919NCI NIH HHS U01 CA290479NCI NIH HHS U24 CA248138NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003067NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM103504
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment; however, the mechanisms determining patient response remain poorly understood. Here, we used machine learning to predict ICB response from germline and somatic biomarkers and interpreted the learned model to uncover putative mechanisms driving superior outcomes. Patients with higher infiltration of T-follicular helper cells had responses even in the presence of defects in the MHC class-I (MHC-I). Further investigation uncovered different ICB responses in tumors when responses were reliant on MHC-I versus MHC-II neoantigens. Despite similar response rates, MHC II-reliant responses were associated with significantly longer durable clinical benefits (discovery: median overall survival of 63.6 vs. 34.5 months; P = 0.0074; validation: median overall survival of 37.5 vs. 33.1 months; P = 0.040). Characteristics of the tumor immune microenvironment reflected MHC neoantigen reliance, and analysis of immune checkpoints revealed LAG3 as a potential target in MHC II-reliant but not MHC I-reliant responses. This study highlights the value of interpretable machine learning models in elucidating the biological basis of therapy responses.

Indexed as

Immune Checkpoint InhibitorsNeoplasmsTumor MicroenvironmentAntigens, CDAntigens, NeoplasmBiomarkers, TumorHistocompatibility Antigens Class IHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIHumansLymphocyte Activation Gene 3 ProteinLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMachine LearningT Follicular Helper CellsAntigens, CDAntigens, NeoplasmBiomarkers, TumorHistocompatibility Antigens Class IHistocompatibility Antigens Class IIImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLag3 protein, humanLymphocyte Activation Gene 3 Protein

Identifiers

PMID39255339
PMCPMC11612627

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.