ArticleOtolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery2025
The Impact of Living in a Low Food Access/Low Income Area on Obstructive Sleep Apnea.
Article in Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Abstract
objectiveTo assess differences in obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)-related health parameters between residents of low income/low access (LILA) census tracts-food deserts-and non-LILA residents STUDY
designRetrospective review.
settingSingle institution serving a large region in Southern California from 2017 to 2023.
methodsCensus tracts are defined as LILA if a significant proportion of residents live below the poverty threshold and far from healthy food vendors. Adults newly diagnosed with OSA on polysomnography were included. Food access status was determined by searching patient addresses in the US Department of Agriculture Food Access Research Atlas. Baseline and 1-year follow-up body mass index (BMI) and vitals were collected and compared based on food access and other demographic variables.
resultsA total of 379 patients in the LILA+ group and 2281 patients in the LILA- group met inclusion criteria. BMI was higher in the LILA group (36.6 ± 9.4 vs 35.2 ± 8.9; P = .006). The effect of food access was most significant in certain demographic groups: patients aged < 65, males, Asian/Pacific Islanders, Hispanics, and patients with Medicaid coverage all had a higher BMI when in the LILA+ group compared to the LILA- group. When considering insurance, LILA+ patients with Medicaid coverage had a significantly higher BMI than LILA- patients with non-Medicaid coverage (40.4 ± 10.3 vs 34.2 ± 8.4, P < .001. Blood pressure, heart rate, and apnea-hypopnea index were also significantly higher in LILA+/Medicaid group. BMI change across all demographic groups was minimal at 1-year follow-up.
conclusionLiving in a LILA census tract may result in worse OSA-related health parameters. When accounting for insurance status, the effects are even more profound. Intensive counseling on the importance of weight management should begin at the diagnosis of OSA.
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