Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39253027›Full record

ArticleAJOG global reports2024

Pathways to parenthood among transgender men and gender diverse people assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States: analysis of a Cross-Sectional 2019 Survey.

Shalmali Sunil Bane, Juno Obedin-Maliver, Sachiko Ragosta, Jen Hastings, Mitchell R Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R Capriotti, Micah E Lubensky, Diana M Tordoff, Heidi Moseson

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in AJOG global reports, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Shalmali Sunil BaneDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA (Shalmali Bane).
Juno Obedin-MaliverDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA (Juno Obedin-Maliver).
Sachiko RagostaIbis Reproductive Health, Oakland, California, USA (Sachiko Ragosta and Heidi Moseson).
Jen HastingsDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA (Jen Hastings).
Mitchell R LunnDepartment of Epidemiology and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA (Shalmali Bane).
Annesa FlentjeThe PRIDE Study, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky and Diana M. Tordoff).
Matthew R CapriottiThe PRIDE Study, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky and Diana M. Tordoff).
Micah E LubenskyThe PRIDE Study, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky and Diana M. Tordoff).
Diana M TordoffThe PRIDE Study, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA (Juno Obedin-Maliver, Mitchell R. Lunn, Annesa Flentje, Matthew R. Capriotti, Micah E. Lubensky and Diana M. Tordoff).
Heidi MosesonIbis Reproductive Health, Oakland, California, USA (Sachiko Ragosta and Heidi Moseson).

Funding

UCSF-Kaiser Urological Epidemiology Research Career Development ProgramK12DK111028 · NIDDK · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUANG, ALISON · 2016 to 2025
$5.3M
Gene expression outcomes in interventions for substance using HIV+ minority menK23DA039800 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI FLENTJE, ANNESA · 2015 to 2019
$1.0M
NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA039800NIDDK NIH HHS K12 DK111028
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Objective: To assess pathways to parenthood, pregnancy outcomes, future pregnancy desire, and fertility counseling experiences among a cross-sectional sample of transgender men and gender diverse individuals assigned female or intersex at birth in the United States. Methods: Participants were recruited from The Population Research in Identity and Disparities for Equality (PRIDE) Study and the general public. Eligible participants for this analysis were able to read and understand English, assigned female or intersex at birth, US residents, 18+ years old, and identified as transgender, nonbinary, or gender diverse. We analyzed responses to close-ended survey questions, overall and stratified by gender identity, race/ethnicity, and testosterone use. We also qualitatively assessed open-text responses on fertility counseling. Results: Among the 1694 participants, median age was 27 years (range: 18-72), 12% had ever been pregnant, and 12% were parents. Carrying a pregnancy where the individual was the egg source (36%) was the most common pathway to parenthood. Individuals with an exclusively binary gender identity (ie Conclusion: Transgender men and gender diverse individuals who were assigned female or intersex at birth build their families through a variety of pathways, including pregnancy, stepparenting, and adoption. Clinicians should avoid making assumptions about reproductive desires in these populations based on gender identities or testosterone use and should provide consistent fertility counseling prior to and after hormone initiation.

Indexed as

family buildingfertility counselingnon-binary personsparenthoodpregnancyreproductionsexual and gender minoritiessexual healthtransgender persons

Identifiers

PMID39253027
PMCPMC11381974

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.