Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39251863›Full record

ArticleNature nanotechnology2024

Printing of 3D photonic crystals in titania with complete bandgap across the visible spectrum.

Wang Zhang, Jiakang Min, Hao Wang, Hongtao Wang, Xue Liang Li, Son Tung Ha, Biao Zhang, Cheng-Feng Pan, Hao Li, Hailong Liu and 7 more

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature nanotechnology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. 3D-printed chiral luminous materials.Nature communications · 2026
    Article
  4. Superlattice Architectures for Advancing Photothermal Catalysis: Mechanisms and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. 3D Ordered Macroporous Mn, Zr-Doped CaCOAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Wang Zhang *Engineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-1563-8918
Jiakang Min *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5931-2506
Hao WangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.
Hongtao WangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9736-2208
Xue Liang LiEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.
Son Tung HaInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5475-8365
Biao ZhangFrontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an, P. R. China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0191-0191
Cheng-Feng PanEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5103-7196
Hao LiEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.
Hailong LiuInstitute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Republic of Singapore.
Hui YinCollege of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-6611-2684
Xiaolong YangCollege of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China.
Siqi LiuDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Xiaodong XuUnited Microelectronics Center (CUMEC), Chongqing, China.
Chaobin HeDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
Hui Ying YangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2244-8231
Joel K W YangEngineering Product Development, Singapore University of Technology and Design, Singapore, Singapore. joel_yang@sutd.edu.sg.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3301-1040

Funding

National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore) NRF-CRP20-2017-0004National Research Foundation Singapore (National Research Foundation-Prime Minister's office, Republic of Singapore) NRF-NRFI06-2020-0005
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A photonic bandgap is a range of wavelengths wherein light is forbidden from entering a photonic crystal, similar to the electronic bandgap in semiconductors. Fabricating photonic crystals with a complete photonic bandgap in the visible spectrum presents at least two important challenges: achieving a material refractive index > ~2 and a three-dimensional patterning resolution better than ~280 nm (lattice constant of 400 nm). Here we show an approach to overcome such limitations using additive manufacturing, thus realizing high-quality, high-refractive index photonic crystals with size-tunable bandgaps across the visible spectrum. We develop a titanium ion-doped resin (Ti-Nano) for high-resolution printing by two-photon polymerization lithography. After printing, the structures are heat-treated in air to induce lattice shrinkage and produce titania nanostructures. We attain three-dimensional photonic crystals with patterning resolution as high as 180 nm and refractive index of 2.4-2.6. Optical characterization reveals ~100% reflectance within the photonic crystal bandgap in the visible range. Finally, we show capabilities in defining local defects and demonstrate proof-of-principle applications in spectrally selective perfect reflectors and chiral light discriminators.

Identifiers

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.