Trial reportBMJ paediatrics open2024
Comparative efficacy of pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions for mitigating pain and anxiety associated with venipuncture: a randomised controlled trial.
Trial report in BMJ paediatrics open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06326125 (Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effectiveness of Pharmacology and Non-pharmacology Approaches in Reducing Children's Pain and Fear During Painful Procedures), which is not on this map. Cited by 5 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Randomized Controlled Trial Examining the Effectiveness of Pharmacology and Non-pharmacology Approaches in Reducing Children's Pain and Fear During Painful Procedures
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Comparing Intranasal Midazolam, Oral Melatonin, and Distraction Cards for Pain and Stress Management in Pediatric Intravenous Line Insertion: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Pain research & management · 2026Trial
- Comparing Pain and Fear Experiences in Pediatric Patients Undergoing Venipuncture and Cannulation Procedures: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Dynamic assessment of pain, fear, and physiological stress during pediatric intravenous cannulation: a randomized controlled trial of virtual reality distraction.BMC nursing · 2026Article
- The Role of Stress in Venipuncture Pain in Adolescents: Secondary Analysis of a Prospective Observational Study.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Efficacy of Aromatherapy on Pain and Anxiety During Needle-Related Procedures in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of pain research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundVenipuncture is one of the most commonly performed medical procedures in paediatric care, but it can also be one of the most painful and distressing experiences for patients. Finding effective strategies to manage pain and fear associated with venipuncture is crucial for improving the paediatric patient experience and promoting positive health outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of a combined approach using a topical analgesic cream (TKTX cream) and a distraction technique (Trace Image and Colouring for Kids-Book, TICK-B) in reducing pain intensity and fear levels in children undergoing venipuncture procedures.
methodsWe conducted this randomised controlled trial among 176 children aged 6-12 years undergoing venipuncture. Participants were randomly assigned to four groups: TICK-B, TKTX cream, TICK-B+TKTX cream and a control group. Pain and fear were measured using the Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale and Children's Fear Scale. The study was carried out from 20 February 2024 to 1 June 2024 at the emergency unit of Heevi paediatric teaching hospital in the Kurdistan region of Iraq. In the intervention groups, TICK-B was applied for 2-3 min before needle insertion, and TKTX cream was applied 20 min before the venipuncture procedure. All outcome measures were evaluated 2-3 min after the completion of the venipuncture procedure.
resultsThe combined TICK-B (colouring book) and TKTX cream (topical anaesthetic) intervention was the most effective in reducing both pain intensity (mean score 2.80 vs 7.24 in the control, p<0.001) and fear levels (mean score 0.93 vs 2.83 in the control, p<0.001) during and after venipuncture procedures compared with individual interventions and control.
conclusionsThe combined TICK-B distraction and TKTX cream topical anaesthetic intervention was the most effective in reducing pain intensity and fear during and after venipuncture in children, providing a practical strategy for healthcare providers to optimise needle procedure management. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT06326125.
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