SynthesisPloS one2024
Feeling tired versus feeling relaxed: Two faces of low physiological arousal.
Synthesis in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effect of traditional Chinese exercise on older patients with diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of Tai Chi on balance and fall prevention in healthy older adults: a randomized controlled meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Effort intensification and restoration in short-term HIIT predict strategic control in complex tasks.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- Effects of exercise supplementary to standard therapy on cognition and sleep in depression: a randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- On dueling multi-act arithmetic: exploring the dynamics of goal-driven competition on engagement and cognition.Experimental brain research · 2025Article
- A Qualitative Scoping Review of Massage and Massage Therapy on the Mental Health and Well-being of Individuals Living with a Serious and Potentially Life-limiting Physical Illness.International journal of therapeutic massage & bodywork · 2025Article
- Effect of emotional regulation on performance of shooters during competition: An ecological momentary assessment study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Brief mindfulness coaching enhances selective attention in medical scientists: A pilot study.PloS one · 2025Article
- The effect of 8-week Tai Chi training on emotional regulation in female college students: an ERP study of N2 and P3 under a modified oddball paradigm.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- Exploring AI-personalized visualization of the safe place in virtual reality versus imagination of the safe place for stress, burnout, and relaxation in psychotherapists: a case series.Frontiers in digital health · 2025Article
- Readiness for Perception and Action: Towards a More Mechanistic Understanding of Phasic Alertness.Journal of cognition · 2025Article
- The intervention effect of exercise on the attention of patients with depression: a systematic review.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Review
- Sleep deprivation alters utilization of negative feedback in risky decision-making.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Human well-being and functioning depend on two fundamental mental states: Relaxation and sleepiness. Relaxation and sleepiness are both assumed to be states of low physiological arousal and negatively correlated. However, it is still unclear how consistent this negative relationship is across different settings and whether it changes before and after an intervention. Here we investigated this intricate relationship between subjective momentary sleepiness and relaxation states by meta-analytically analyzing several data sets from studies using the Relaxation State Questionnaire. We discovered that subjective sleepiness and relaxation were in fact anti-correlated pre-intervention. This anti-correlation provides a quantitative dissociation between sleepiness and relaxation. Thus, even though sleepiness and relaxation both implicate a low arousal level, the two mental states are subjectively experienced in a qualitatively different fashion, and thus reflect distinct underlying constructs. For the post-intervention relationship, this negative correlation could not be consistently found. This indicates that there are aspects of the experimental setting or intervention that introduce changes in the dynamics of the relationship of the two constructs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.