Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39249576›Full record

ArticleJournal of autism and developmental disorders2026

Structure of Restricted Repetitive Behaviors of Individuals Referred for Autism Spectrum Disorder Assessment.

Helen Kay Root, Monica M Abdul-Chani, Zachary Enos Arnold, Jeremy J Cottle, Timothy Hilty, Kristi Carter Guest, Sarah E O'Kelley

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Article in Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 2026. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

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1 · What the graph read from it

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3 · Its place in the literature

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4 · The record

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Helen Kay RootDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA. helenrootuab@gmail.com.
Monica M Abdul-ChaniDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA.
Zachary Enos ArnoldDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA.
Jeremy J CottleDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA.
Timothy HiltyDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA.
Kristi Carter GuestDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA.
Sarah E O'KelleyDepartment of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Campbell Hall 415 1720 2nd Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, 34294, USA.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeRestricted and/or repetitive displays of behavior, interests, or activities (RRBs) are one of the core symptom domains of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Current and past research indicates two 'clusters' of RRBs in children with ASD: repetitive sensorimotor (e.g., hand/finger and more complex motor mannerisms) and insistence on sameness (e.g., resistance to changes in the environment) behaviors. The current study aims to fill a gap by examining how RRBs may diverge in individuals with ASD and with other neurodevelopmental disorders (ONDD) in a clinical sample.

methodsA total of 558 individuals were seen at a tertiary care clinic for a comprehensive clinical assessment of ASD. The sample was split into ASD (n = 292 individuals) and ONDD (n = 266) groups based on clinical diagnosis. Exploratory factor analyses were conducted using Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) RRB item scores for the overall sample, the ASD group, and the ONDD group.

resultsExploratory factor analysis of ADI-R RRB items indicated a 2-factor solution for the full sample and ASD group. Items loaded onto two factors comprised of "Repetitive Sensorimotor" and "Insistence on Sameness" behaviors, consistent with previous literature. Results demonstrated a unique loading pattern for the non-ASD group, with items clustering into "Higher Order" (e.g., circumscribed interests) and "Lower Order" (e.g., hand and finger mannerisms) behaviors.

conclusionThe results of the current study may point towards using RRBs to guide screening of children who are referred for an ASD evaluation to better identify children who are at higher risk of having ASD.

Indexed as

Autism Spectrum DisorderStereotyped BehaviorAdolescentChildChild, PreschoolFactor Analysis, StatisticalFemaleHumansMaleAutism diagnostic interview-revisedAutism spectrum disorderFactor analysisRestricted and repetitive behaviors

Identifiers

PMID39249576

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