ArticleClinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society2025
Comprehensive linear and nonlinear heart rate variability normative data in children.
Article in Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Characterizing short-term linear and nonlinear heart rate variability in typically developing children and adolescents.Physiological reports · 2026Article
- Holter-Based Heart Rate Variability Distinguishes Adolescent Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome from Healthy Controls.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Normative Heart Rate Variability Parameters Across Age and Gender in Healthy Adults from an Apex Tertiary Care Centre in Southern India.Annals of neurosciences · 2026Article
- Author Response: "Re: Comprehensive linear and nonlinear heart rate variability normative data in children. Clinical Autonomic Research (September 2024)".Clinical autonomic research : official journal of the Clinical Autonomic Research Society · 2025Article
- Age-dependent patterns of cardiac complexity unveiled by topological data analysis of pediatric heart rate variability.PloS one · 2025Article
- Nomogram Based on HRV for Predicting the Therapeutic Effects of Orthostatic Training in Children with Vasovagal Syncope.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe autonomic nervous system (ANS) is critical in regulating involuntary bodily functions, including heart rate. Heart rate variability (HRV) reflects the complex interplay between the ANS and humoral factors, making it a valuable noninvasive tool for assessing autonomic function. While HRV has been extensively studied in adults, normative data for HRV in children, primarily based on long-term rhythm recordings, are limited.
objectiveThis study aimed to establish comprehensive normative data for HRV in children.
methodsIn this retrospective study, we examined 24-h Holter monitors of children aged 1 day to 18 years, divided into six age groups, at Nemours Children's Health in Orlando, Florida, spanning the years 2013-2023. HRV analysis encompassed time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear indices.
resultsHolter data for a total of 247 patients in six age groups were included. An age-related uptrend was observed in all time- and frequency-domain variables except the normalized unit of low-frequency power. Entropy analysis revealed contradictory results among different entropy techniques. Sample and approximate entropy analyses were consistent and showed less complexity and more predictability of HRV with decreasing heart rate, while Shannon entropy analysis showed the opposite. Fractal detrended fluctuation analysis exhibited significant decreases across the age groups, suggestive of diminishing self-similarity of HRV patterns.
conclusionControl of heart rate and HRV is a highly complex process and requires further study for a better understanding. It seems that no single parameter can fully elucidate the entire process. A combination of time-domain, frequency-domain, and nonlinear indices may be necessary to explain HRV behavior in the growing body.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39249159What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.