ArticleJournal of the American Heart Association2024
Global Sex Disparities in Bystander Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest: A Scoping Review.
Article in Journal of the American Heart Association, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Population-level association of layperson cardiopulmonary resuscitation training with survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- The missing sex and gender lens in artificial-intelligence-enabled resuscitation.Scandinavian journal of trauma, resuscitation and emergency medicine · 2026Article
- The implementation of diverse skin-toned female manikins in hospital provider basic life support training.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Health care professional's knowledge and attitude towards cardiopulmonary resuscitation in public sector hospitals of rural Pakistan: A cross sectional study.Pakistan journal of medical sciences · 2026Article
- Targeted solutions to bridge the gap between sexes in the use of automated external defibrillators.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Underuse of bystander defibrillation on females during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a retrospective observational study in Aotearoa New Zealand.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Assessment of knowledge and awareness of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and heart attack symptoms amongst medical students in Syria - a cross-sectional study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Impact of Primary Spoken Language as a Social Determinant of Health on Cardiopulmonary Education and Use: Pilot Study.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2026Article
- Knowledge and Willingness to Perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation by Bystanders in Jordan; A Nationwide Cross-sectional Study.Archives of academic emergency medicine · 2026Article
- What limits a bystander's action to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China? Insights from a cross-sectional study conducted in Shaanxi Province.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Knowledge and attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation on women in Arab countries: An international cross-sectional survey study.Resuscitation plus · 2026Article
- Article
- Diversity of CPR manikins for basic life support education: use of manikin sex, race and body shape - a scoping review.Emergency medicine journal : EMJ · 2025Article
- The Latest in Resuscitation Research: Highlights From the 2024 American Heart Association's Resuscitation Science Symposium.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- Association between bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation initiation and patient's sex: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Resuscitation plus · 2025Review
- Development of a health equity tool in resuscitation sciences and application to current research in extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for cardiac arrest.Resuscitation · 2025Review
- CPR knowledge in future physicians: evidence to strengthen undergraduate medical training.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This scoping review collates evidence for sex biases in the receipt of bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (BCPR) among patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients globally. The MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Embase databases were screened for relevant literature, dated from inception to March 9, 2022. Studies evaluating the association between BCPR and sex/gender in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, except for pediatric populations and cardiac arrest cases with traumatic cause, were included. The review included 80 articles on BCPR in men and women globally; 58 of these studies evaluated sex differences in BCPR outcomes. Fifty-nine percent of the relevant studies (34/58) indicated that women are less likely recipients of BCPR, 36% (21/58) observed no significant sex differences, and 5% (3/58) reported that women are more likely to receive BCPR. In other studies, women were found to be less likely to receive BCPR in public but equally or more likely to receive BCPR in residential settings. The general reluctance to perform BCPR on women in the Western countries was attributed to perceived frailty of women, chest exposure, pregnancy, gender stereotypes, oversexualization of women's bodies, and belief that women are unlikely to experience a cardiac arrest. Most studies worldwide indicated that women were less likely to receive BCPR than men. Further research from non-Western countries is needed to understand the impact of cultural and socioeconomic settings on such biases and design customized interventions accordingly.
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Registered trials
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