ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Toxicity in the era of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and safety of distinct PD-1 antibodies in unresectable advanced or recurrent gastric and gastroesophageal junction cancer: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Microbiota boost immunotherapy? A meta-analysis dives into fecal microbiota transplantation and immune checkpoint inhibitors.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Knowledge and attitudes of family members of cancer patients towards immunotherapy toxicity and health management.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Immune Checkpoints in Leukaemia as Gatekeepers of Immuno-Modulation.Immunology · 2026Review
- Global research trends in fecal microbiota transplantation combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer immunotherapy: a bibliometric analysis.Translational cancer research · 2026Article
- Migration of immune cells in tumors and inflammation: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Advancements in multiple myeloma treatment: Integrating quadruplet and dual antigen CAR-T therapy.iScience · 2026Review
- Predicting Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Melanoma: Emerging Approaches in Digital Pathology, Spatial Profiling and Machine Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Heterogeneity of macrophages in PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor therapy: a single-cell perspective.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2026Review
- Article
- Observational
- Rethinking Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma: Integrative Genomics, Immunotherapy, and Molecular-Orthomolecular Strategies.Cancers · 2026Review
- A Disproportionality Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Combination With Platinum-Based Agents Using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System Database.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Rheumatic immune-related adverse effects of immune checkpoint treatment: a retrospective multicentre study.Scientific reports · 2026Observational
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer: from mechanistic insights to emerging combination frontlines.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Membrane-derived biomimetic nanovesicles in anti-tumor immunotherapy: Advances and outlook.Acta pharmaceutica Sinica. B · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- CD8+ T-cell Antitumor Immunity via Human iNKT-DC Conjugates.Cancer immunology research · 2026Article
- Ipilimumab/nivolumab-induced severe triple M syndrome in a patient with metastatic renal cancer.The British journal of cardiology · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) reinvigorate anti-tumor immune responses by disrupting co-inhibitory immune checkpoint molecules such as programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4). Although ICIs have had unprecedented success and have become the standard of care for many cancers, they are often accompanied by off-target inflammation that can occur in any organ system. These immune related adverse events (irAEs) often require steroid use and/or cessation of ICI therapy, which can both lead to cancer progression. Although irAEs are common, the detailed molecular and immune mechanisms underlying their development are still elusive. To further our understanding of irAEs and develop effective treatment options, there is pressing need for preclinical models recapitulating the clinical settings. In this review, we describe current preclinical models and immune implications of ICI-induced skin toxicities, colitis, neurological and endocrine toxicities, pneumonitis, arthritis, and myocarditis along with their management.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.