Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39244001›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2024

Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Protective Factor for Myopia.

Can Can Xue, Hengtong Li, Xing-Xuan Dong, Marco Yu, Zhi Da Soh, Crystal Chun Yuen Chong, Chen Jiang, Helene Choquet, Nazlee Zebardast, Seyedeh Maryam Zekavat and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 12 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
12citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

12 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. IMI-Myopia Genetics Report.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025
    Review
  10. Critical role of lipid metabolism in axial myopia development.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025
    Review
  11. Article
  12. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Can Can XueFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.
Hengtong LiCentre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.
Xing-Xuan DongSchool of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University (X.-X.D., C.-W.P.), Suzhou, China.
Marco YuFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.
Zhi Da SohFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.
Crystal Chun Yuen ChongFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.
Chen JiangDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (C.J., H.C.), Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Helene ChoquetDivision of Research, Kaiser Permanente Northern California (C.J., H.C.), Pleasanton, CA, USA.
Nazlee ZebardastDepartment of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad institute of MiT and Harvard (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Cambridge, MA, USA.
Seyedeh Maryam ZekavatDepartment of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad institute of MiT and Harvard (N.Z., S.M.Z.), Cambridge, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General hospital, Harvard Medical School (S.M.Z.), Boston, MA, USA.
Pirro G HysiKing's College London, Section of Ophthalmology, School of Life Course Sciences (P.G.H.), London, United Kingdom; King's College London, Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology (P.G.H.), London, United Kingdom; University College London, GOSH Institute of Child Health (P.G.H.), London, United Kingdom.
Seang Mei SawFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore (S.M.S.), Singapore.
Qiao FanCentre for Quantitative Medicine, Duke-NUS Medical School (Q.F.), Singapore.
Yih-Chung ThamFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School (Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore.
Chen-Wei PanSchool of Public Health, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University (X.-X.D., C.-W.P.), Suzhou, China.
Ching-Yu ChengFrom the Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre (C.C.X., M.Y., Z.D.S., C.C., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore (H.L., Z.D.S., S.M.S., Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore; Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program (Eye ACP), Duke-NUS Medical School (Y.-C.T., C.-Y.C.), Singapore. Electronic address: chingyu.cheng@nus.edu.sg.

Funding

A Resource for Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and AgingRC2AG036607 · NIA · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI RISCH, NEIL J., SCHAEFER, CATHERINE ANN · 2009 to 2010
$24.8M
The Role of Refractive Error in the Etiology of GlaucomaR01EY027004 · NEI · KAISER FOUNDATION RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI CHOQUET, HELENE · 2017 to 2020
$1.6M
NEI NIH HHS R01 EY027004NIA NIH HHS RC2 AG036607
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeAnimal models suggest omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) may protect against myopia by modulating choroidal blood perfusion, but clinical evidence is scarce and mixed. We aimed to determine the causality between omega-3 PUFAs and myopia using Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis.

designTwo-sample MR analysis.

methodsExposures are genetically predicted plasma levels of 18 fatty acid (FA)-related traits. Spherical equivalent refraction (SER) and axial length were used as measurements of myopia. Genome-wide association study summary data on plasma levels of 18 FA-related traits (n=115,006), refractive spherical equivalent (n=351,091), axial length (n=69,945), and choroidal thickness (n=44,823) were sourced from the UK Biobank, the Genetic Epidemiology Research on Adult Health and Aging cohort, and the Consortium for Refractive Error and Myopia Study. We used 5 MR models and considered results statistically significant if the Bonferroni-corrected P value was ≤2.78 ×10

resultsAt a Bonferroni-corrected significance, higher levels of omega-3 (β, 0.32-0.34), omega-3-total FA ratio (β, 0.31-0.44), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (β, 0.36-0.46), DHA-total FA ratio (β, 0.37-0.53), PUFA-total FA ratio (β, 0.07-1.003), and degree of unsaturation (β, 0.28-0.44) were associated with a more positive SER, suggesting a lower risk of myopia. Similar trends were observed for axial length albeit with borderline significance (P ≤ .035 in ≥2 models). Higher levels of omega-3, DHA, DHA-total FA ratio, PUFA-total FA ratio, PUFA-monounsaturated FA ratio, and degree of unsaturation were nominally associated with thicker choroidal thickness (β, 0.05-0.13; P ≤ .045 in ≥2 models).

conclusionOur multiple MR models suggest a protective effect of omega-3 and DHA on myopia, potentially through modulation of choroidal blood perfusion. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness and determine the optimal dose and duration.

Indexed as

Fatty Acids, Omega-3MyopiaRefraction, OcularAdultAxial Length, EyeChoroidFemaleGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansMaleMendelian Randomization AnalysisMiddle AgedPolymorphism, Single NucleotideProtective FactorsFatty Acids, Omega-3

Identifiers

PMID39244001
PMCPMC11606739

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.