Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39243029›Full record

ArticleBMC cancer2024

Lung cancer survival by immigrant status: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Ontario, Canada.

Arlinda Ruco, Aisha K Lofters, Hong Lu, Nancy N Baxter, Sara Guilcher, Alexander Kopp, Mandana Vahabi, Geetanjali D Datta

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Article in BMC cancer, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Arlinda RucoInterdisciplinary Health Program, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada.
Aisha K LoftersPeter Gilgan Centre for Women's Cancers , Women's College Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Hong LuICES: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Nancy N BaxterLi Ka Shing Knowledge Institute - St. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Sara GuilcherICES: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Alexander KoppICES: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Mandana VahabiICES: Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Geetanjali D DattaDepartment of Social and Preventive Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC, Canada. geetanjali.datta@cshs.org.

Funding

CIHR 162506
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundLung cancer is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer death in Canada. Some previous literature suggests that socioeconomic inequalities in lung cancer screening, treatment and survival may exist. The objective of this study was to compare overall survival for immigrants versus long-term residents of Ontario, Canada among patients diagnosed with lung cancer.

methodsThis population-based retrospective cohort study utilized linked health administrative databases and identified all individuals (immigrants and long-term residents) aged 40 + years diagnosed with incident lung cancer between April 1, 2012 and March 31, 2017. The primary outcome was 5-year overall survival with December 31, 2019 as the end of the follow-up period. We implemented adjusted Cox proportional hazards models stratified by age at diagnosis, sex, and cancer stage at diagnosis to examine survival.

resultsThirty-eight thousand seven hundred eighty-eight individuals diagnosed with lung cancer were included in our cohort including 7% who were immigrants. Immigrants were younger at diagnosis and were more likely to reside in the lowest neighbourhood income quintile (30.6% versus 24.5%) than long-term residents. After adjusting for age at diagnosis, neighbourhood income quintile, comorbidities, visits to primary care in the 6 to 30 months before diagnosis, continuity of care, cancer type and cancer stage at diagnosis, immigrant status was associated with a lower hazard of dying 5-years post-diagnosis for both females (0.7; 95% CI 0.6-0.8) and males (0.7; 95% CI 0.6-0.7) in comparison to long-term residents. This trend held in adjusted models stratified by cancer stage at diagnosis. For example, female immigrants diagnosed with early stage lung cancer had a hazard ratio of 0.5 (95% CI 0.4-0.7) in comparison to long-term residents.

conclusionOverall survival post diagnosis with lung cancer was better among Ontario immigrants versus long-term residents. Additional research, potentially on the protective effects of immigrant enclave and the intersection of immigrant status with racial/ethnic identity, is needed to further explore why better overall survival for immigrants remained.

Indexed as

Emigrants and ImmigrantsLung NeoplasmsAdultAgedAged, 80 and overFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedOntarioProportional Hazards ModelsRetrospective StudiesSocioeconomic FactorsImmigrantsLung cancerRetrospective cohort studySurvival

Identifiers

PMID39243029
PMCPMC11380402

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.