ArticleVaccine2024
Disparities in COVID-19 vaccination receipt by race, ethnicity, and social determinants of health among a large patient population in a network of community-based healthcare centers.
Article in Vaccine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Racial and ethnic disparities in COVID-19 vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination on Myocarditis Incidence: A Comparative Analysis of Pre-, Peri-, and Post-Pandemic Eras.Catheterization and cardiovascular interventions : official journal of the Society for Cardiac Angiography & Interventions · 2026Article
- Real-World Effectiveness and Noninferiority Evaluation and Comparison of Messenger RNA-Based and Protein-Based COVID-19 Vaccines: Protocol for the BEEHIVE Randomized Study With a Hybrid Effectiveness Design.JMIR research protocols · 2026Article
- HIV Status and COVID-19 Treatment Disparities in the US National Clinical Cohort Collaborative.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- COVID-19 Hospitalization and Mortality Trends Among US Dialysis Patients by Race/Ethnicity and Vaccination Status.Kidney medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThere are known disparities in U.S. COVID-19 vaccination but there is limited information on national vaccine uptake in a large, racially diverse, all-age population. Here, we describe COVID-19 vaccination coverage in a large U.S. population accessing care in OCHIN (not an acronym), a national network of community-based healthcare organizations.
methodsWithin OCHIN, we identified patients aged 6 months and older with ≥1 completed clinical encounter since becoming age-eligible for the COVID-19 vaccine between December 13, 2020 and December 31, 2022. Patients' COVID-19 vaccination status was assessed from OCHIN's Epic® electronic health record which includes data from state immunization information systems. Patients were considered vaccinated if they received ≥1 dose of a monovalent vaccine product; coverage was categorized by age groups (6 months-4 years; 5-11 years, 12-15 years, 16+ years). Multivariate analyses assessed factors associated with COVID-19 vaccination across age groups.
resultsThe cohort included 3.3 million Hispanic (37 %), non-Hispanic (NH) White (31 %), NH Black (15 %), and NH Asian (7 %) patients; 45 % of whom were Medicaid-enrolled, 19 % uninsured, and 53 % with a household income below 100 % of the federal poverty level. The proportion with ≥1 COVID-19 vaccine dose increased with age, from 11.7 % (6 months through 4 years) to 72.3 % (65 years and older). The only factors associated with significantly higher COVID-19 vaccine coverage across age groups were prior receipt of an influenza vaccine and having private insurance. In adjusted modeling, when compared to NH whites, COVID-19 vaccine coverage was significantly higher among Hispanic, NH Asian, and NH multiple-race patients aged ≥5 years and significantly lower among NH Black and NH Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander patients aged 6 months-4 years old.
conclusionsWe identified disparities in primary series COVID-19 vaccine coverage by age, race and ethnicity, household income, insurance status, and prior influenza vaccination within this large, diverse population accessing care in community-based healthcare organizations.
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