Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39241111›Full record

ReviewBrain : a journal of neurology2025

Iatrogenic harm in functional neurological disorder.

Caoimhe Mcloughlin, Wei Hao Lee, Alan Carson, Jon Stone

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Brain : a journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
22citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

22 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Article
  4. Unmet needs in functional neurological disorder related to digital healthcare.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2026
    Review
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. From Rotation to Retention: Reinforcing Neurology Skills Across Psychiatry Training.Academic psychiatry : the journal of the American Association of Directors of Psychiatric Residency Training and the Association for Academic Psychiatry · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Review
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Functional neurological disorders among hospitalized patients in a resource-limited setting: current situation in Colombia and paths to improvement.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Functional neurological disorder: Practical management.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025
    Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Caoimhe McloughlinCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh E16 4SB, Scotland, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-8159-1516
Wei Hao LeeCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh E16 4SB, Scotland, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-6195-433X
Alan CarsonCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh E16 4SB, Scotland, UK.ORCID 0000-0002-7425-0964
Jon StoneCentre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh Bioquarter, Edinburgh E16 4SB, Scotland, UK.ORCID 0000-0001-9829-8092

Funding

Horizon 2020 Framework ProgrammeHorizon Europe Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is continuing to gain increasing recognition globally as a valid and potentially treatable disorder. Iatrogenic harm towards patients with FND is significant, however, and has been around for centuries. Despite advances in our understanding around the aetiology, pathophysiology and treatment of FND, many aspects of such harm continue to persist. Avoidance of iatrogenic harm has been highlighted by clinicians as one of the most important therapeutic considerations in FND; however, the sources and range of potential harms, or indeed ways to mitigate them, have not previously been summarized. Using a combination of clinical and research experience and scoping review methodology, this review aims to describe the main sources of iatrogenic harm towards patients with FND, including harm from misdiagnosis, delayed diagnosis and treatment, direct harm from professional interactions, other stigma-related harms, harm related to diagnostic overshadowing and over-diagnosis of FND. We also describe some potential ways to address and prevent such harms, such as ways to reduce misdiagnosis with a focus on rule in signs, optimizing teaching and communication, ensuring parity of FND with other medical conditions and continued integration of patient and professional organizations.

Indexed as

Diagnostic ErrorsIatrogenic DiseaseNervous System DiseasesConversion DisorderHumansconversion disorderfunctional neurological disorderiatrogenic harmmisdiagnosisstigma

Identifiers

PMID39241111
PMCPMC11706287

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.