ArticleJAMA health forum2024
Disparities in Medication Use for Criminal Justice System-Referred Opioid Use Disorder Treatment.
Article in JAMA health forum, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Rurality weakens the positive association between the COVID-19 pandemic and substance use treatment involving medications for opioid use disorder.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- "Convenience, Quickness, and Compassion": Experiences of People Involved in the Criminal-Legal System Accessing Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Services From a Mobile Unit in Chicago.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Structural and Policy Determinants of Access to Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Pregnant People in U.S. Jails.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Geographic Disparities in the Opioid Overdose Crisis: Access, Treatment, and Mortality.Cureus · 2026Review
- Access to and predictors of substance use treatment and support among people experiencing incarceration in the United States: Analysis of a national cross-sectional study.Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2025Article
- Factors affecting problem-solving court team decisions about medications for opioid use disorder.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2025Article
- Medications for OUD: Extended-Release Naltrexone.Current addiction reports · 2025Article
- Changes in legal referrals to specialty substance use disorder treatment from 2015-2019.Health & justice · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Importance: Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) and criminal justice system involvement experience high rates of overdose death. Historical data point to limited use of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) in criminal justice system-referred treatment for OUD as playing a role. However, how MOUD use among those referred to treatment by the criminal justice system has changed relative to other referral sources over time is still unclear, as well as how it varies across states. Objective: To examine disparities in the use of MOUD between individuals referred to treatment by the criminal justice system compared to other referral sources over time. Design, Setting, and Participants: This cross-sectional study included admissions to specialty substance use treatment facilities for OUD in the national Treatment Episodes Dataset-Admissions from 2014 to 2021. Logistic regression models were used to examine trends in the probability of MOUD use among individuals with and without criminal justice referrals for OUD treatment, as well as any differential trends by state. The data were analyzed from September 2023 to August 2024. Main Outcome and Measure: The main outcome was the probability that treatment for individuals with OUD included MOUD. Results: A total of 3 235 445 admissions were analyzed in the study data. Among individuals referred to OUD treatment by the criminal justice system, the probability that treatment included MOUD increased by 3.42 percentage points (pp) (95% CI, 3.37 pp to 3.47 pp) annually from 2014 to 2021. This was faster than the increase in the probability of MOUD use for noncriminal justice-referred admissions (2.49 pp [95% CI, 2.46 pp to 2.51 pp) and reduced, but did not eliminate, disparities in MOUD use between individuals with and without criminal justice system-referred treatment. In 2021, only 33.6% of individuals in criminal justice system-referred treatment received MOUD, 15.6 pp lower than for individuals referred to treatment by other sources. Trends in the probability of MOUD use varied substantially for individuals in criminal justice system-referred treatment across states, but very few experienced enough growth to eliminate this disparity. Conclusions and Relevance: The results of this cross-sectional study suggest that targeted efforts to address persistent disparities in MOUD use among those with OUD and criminal justice system involvement are needed to address the poor health outcomes experienced by this population.
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