ReviewGut microbes
The hidden base of the iceberg: gut peptidoglycome dynamics is foundational to its influence on the host.
Review in Gut microbes. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Review
- Lactobacillus sakei CVL-001 Inhibits Osteoclast Differentiation Through TLR2 and GPCR-Dependent Pathways and Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Mice.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Novel insights into gut microbiota alterations in major depressive disorder with suicidal ideation: a metagenomic analysis.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Gut microbiota and urine metabolomics signature in autism spectrum disorder children from Southern China.BMC pediatrics · 2025Article
- Candida albicans Ssy1 is the extracellular sensor of gut microbiota-derived peptidoglycan fragments mediating invasive hyphal growth in the host.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Synthetic High-Throughput Microarrays of Peptidoglycan Fragments as a Novel Sero-Diagnostic Tool for Patient Antibody Profiling.Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2025Article
- Bacterial peptidoglycan levels have brain area, time of day, and sleep loss-induced fluctuations.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intestinal microbiota of humans includes a highly diverse range of bacterial species. All these bacteria possess a cell wall, composed primarily of the macromolecule peptidoglycan. As such, the gut also harbors an abundant and varied peptidoglycome. A remarkable range of host physiological pathways are regulated by peptidoglycan fragments that originate from the gut microbiota and enter the host system. Interactions between the host system and peptidoglycan can influence physiological development and homeostasis, promote health, or contribute to inflammatory disease. Underlying these effects is the interplay between microbiota composition and enzymatic processes that shape the intestinal peptidoglycome, dictating the types of peptidoglycan generated, that subsequently cross the gut barrier. In this review, we highlight and discuss the hidden and emerging functional aspects of the microbiome, i.e. the hidden base of the iceberg, that modulate the composition of gut peptidoglycan, and how these fundamental processes are drivers of physiological outcomes for the host.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.