Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39238957›Full record

ArticleAnnals of medicine and surgery (2012)2024

The relationship between parenting styles and self-esteem of medical students with age and gender as moderators.

Fahad Gul, Khawar Abbas, Sajeel Saeed, Tehseen Haider, Sardar Noman Qayyum, Samim Noori

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of medicine and surgery (2012), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Reassessing Baumrind's framework: a systematic review of cultural adaptations and emerging parenting patterns in diverse societies.Psicologia, reflexao e critica : revista semestral do Departamento de Psicologia da UFRGS · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Fahad GulDepartment of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University.
Khawar AbbasDepartment of Psychiatry, Rawalpindi Medical University.
Sajeel SaeedDepartment of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi.
Tehseen HaiderDepartment of Medicine, Rawalpindi Medical University, Rawalpindi.
Sardar Noman QayyumDepartment of Psychiatry, Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan, Pakistan.
Samim NooriNangarhar University, Faculty of Medicine, Nangarhar, Afghanistan.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: Among various factors that determine an individual's self-esteem, parenting styles play a significant role. This study investigates the link between parenting styles and self-esteem among medical students while exploring the role of age and gender in this context. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was carried out among medical students from December 2020 to March 2021. An online survey was prepared using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Parental Authority Questionnaire-Short Version, and students were asked to fill it out. Data were gathered from 255 students by simple random sampling technique, of which 230 forms were filled. SPSS version 26.0 was used to enter and analyze the data. One sample Results: Out of 230 participants, 60% of the sample population experienced an authoritative parenting style. Authoritarian and authoritative parenting styles were significantly correlated with self-esteem. Females who experienced authoritative parenting and males who experienced authoritarian and permissive parenting styles had higher self-esteem than their respective counterparts. Conclusion: Authoritative parenting was the most common and the only parenting style with a statistically significant positive correlation with self-esteem. This study further highlights the importance of consistent parental supervision and open communication in determining an individual's self-esteem.

Indexed as

authoritarianauthoritativeparenting stylespermissiveself-esteem

Identifiers

PMID39238957
PMCPMC11374292

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.