Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39238637›Full record

ArticleFrontiers in immunology2024

AXL expression reflects tumor-immune cell dynamics impacting outcome in non-small cell lung cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor monotherapy.

Austin Rayford, Fabian Gärtner, Maria P Ramnefjell, James B Lorens, David R Micklem, Marianne Aanerud, Agnete S T Engelsen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Cancers · 2026
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  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Article
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  7. Article
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  11. Article
  12. Recent advances in TAM mechanisms in lung diseases.Journal of translational medicine · 2025
    Review
  13. Review
  14. Article
  15. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Austin Rayford *Department of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
Fabian Gärtner *Department of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Maria P RamnefjellDepartment of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
James B LorensDepartment of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
David R MicklemBerGenBio ASA, Bergen, Norway.
Marianne AanerudDepartment of Thoracic Medicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway.
Agnete S T EngelsenDepartment of Biomedicine and Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Introduction: AXL receptor expression is proposed to confer immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. We sought to interrogate AXL expression in conjunction with mutational and tumor-microenvironmental features to uncover predictive mechanisms of resistance in ICI-treated NSCLC patients. Methods: Tumor samples from 111 NSCLC patients treated with ICI-monotherapy were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for tumor- and immune-AXL expression. Subsets of patients were analyzed by whole-exome sequencing (n = 44) and imaging mass cytometry (n = 14). Results were related to ICI-outcome measurements. Results: Tumor-cell AXL expression correlated with aggressive phenotypic features including reduced OS in patients treated with ICIs ( Conclusion: Tumor-cell AXL-upregulation correlated with distinct oncotypes and microenvironmental immune-profiles that define chemotherapy-induced mechanisms of ICI-resistance, which suggests the combination of AXL inhibitors with current chemoimmunotherapy regimens can benefit NSCLC patients.

Indexed as

Axl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsLung NeoplasmsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesTumor MicroenvironmentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBiomarkers, TumorDrug Resistance, NeoplasmFemaleHumansLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMaleAXL protein, humanAxl Receptor Tyrosine KinaseBiomarkers, TumorImmune Checkpoint InhibitorsProto-Oncogene ProteinsReceptor Protein-Tyrosine KinasesAXL receptor tyrosine kinasebiomarkerimmunotherapy resistanceNSCLCtumor microenvironment

Identifiers

PMID39238637
PMCPMC11375292

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.