ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2024
Serum glial fibrillary acidic protein predicts disease progression in multiple sclerosis.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Prognostic value of neurofilament light chain protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in multiple sclerosis subtypes and disease activity patterns: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Impact of age, BMI, and renal function adjustment on interpretation of serum NfL and GFAP in multiple sclerosis progression: a scoping review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- GFAP and NfL as predictors of disease progression and relapse activity in fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis.Brain : a journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Retinal Neuronal Loss as Additive Prognostic Markers of Disability in Multiple Sclerosis.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Rethinking EDSS-based ambulation assessment in multiple sclerosis using continuous variable monitoring.Neurological research and practice · 2026Article
- Bruton's Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors in Multiple Sclerosis: Mechanistic Considerations Across Relapsing and Progressive Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Exercise Training and Biomarkers of Neuroaxonal Injury in Multiple Sclerosis: Narrative Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Review
- Serum GFAP and NfL augment a metabolomics-driven strategy for long-term prediction of multiple sclerosis progression.Communications medicine · 2026Article
- Longitudinal high-frequency blood biomarkers of axonal injury and astrocytic activation after immune reconstitution in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- GFAP, CHI3L1 and GCIPL Thickness as Baseline Predictors of Early Disability Progression in MS.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Observational
- Biomarker discovery using NUcleic Acid-Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay in multiple sclerosis patients experiencing progression independent of relapse activity.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2025Article
- Biomarkers of Progression Independent of Relapse Activity-Can We Actually Measure It Yet?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Do Nitrosative Stress Molecules Hold Promise as Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis?International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Predictors of risk of secondary progression in multiple sclerosis.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Serum glial fibrillary acid protein associates with TSPO-expressing lesions in multiple sclerosis brain.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2025Article
- Review
- Clinical trajectories of patients with multiple sclerosis from onset and their relationship with serum neurofilament light chain levels.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Article
- Multiple sclerosis as a biological and clinical continuum: from risk factors to the early stages of disease.Frontiers in neurologyReview
- Acute effects of high-dose corticosteroids on serum biomarker profiles in primary CNS demyelinating disease: A pilot study.Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
- Relapse or no relapse in multiple sclerosis: Can disease activity biomarkers support the clinician?Multiple sclerosis journal - experimental, translational and clinicalArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveGlial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) is expressed in astrocytes and may be a useful marker of non-active progressive multiple sclerosis (MS). We evaluate serum GFAP (sGFAP) in a large cohort of MS patients to determine if it predicts progression independent of relapse activity (PIRA), future gait aid, and conversion to secondary progressive disease (SPMS).
methodsAdults with clinically isolated syndrome or any subtype of MS who were listed in the Brigham MS Center Research Database and had at least one sGFAP result were included. All clinic visits following first sample were analyzed for PIRA, future gait aid, and conversion to SPMS. Future cognitive dysfunction and fatigue were evaluated as secondary outcomes.
resultsIn total, 741 patients were included (average age: 42.3, average disease duration: 3.7 years, median EDSS: 2, and median follow-up duration: 10.0 years). Of 643 patients (86.8%) without progressive disease at baseline, 15.9% developed SPMS. Among all 741, 50.5% had PIRA and 18.6% developed a gait aid requirement. sGFAP level predicted PIRA, future gait aid, and conversion to SPMS in univariable models (p < 0.001, <0.001, and 0.002). sGFAP remained predictive for PIRA and future gait aid in multivariable models in those younger than 50 (p = 0.048, 0.003). Change in sGFAP level over time was not predictive. There was no association between sGFAP and future fatigue or cognitive dysfunction.
interpretationsGFAP helps to predict PIRA, future gait aid, and conversion to SPMS in a large cohort of MS patients. Our data suggest that baseline levels may be more useful than the change over time.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.