ArticleInternational ophthalmology2024
The assessment of structural and functional test results for early detection of hydroxychloroquine macular toxicity.
Article in International ophthalmology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Contrast Sensitivity and Colour Vision Tests for Early Detection and Monitoring of Hydroxychloroquine Retinal Toxicity: A Preliminary Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Optical Coherence Tomography and Angiography in Hydroxychloroquine Retinopathy: A Narrative Review.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
purposeTo assess structural (optical coherence tomography, fundus autofluorescence) and functional (contrast sensitivity and visual field) test results which were used for detecting early retinal changes in patients using oral hydroxychloroquine.
methodsPatients using oral hydroxychloroquine for at least one year were divided into two groups according to the duration of drug use. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of patients with drug use for more than 5 years and 1-5 years, respectively. The drug-using groups were compared with the control group. The mean retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), central macular thickness (CMT), ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer (GC-IPL), static 10-2 visual field, fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging, and contrast sensitivity tests were performed and statistically compared between groups.
resultsMedian and temporal quadrant RNFL thicknesses were found to be statistically significantly lower in the drug groups. In the drug groups, the GC-IPL sectoral and mean thicknesses were found to be statistically lower in all quadrants. Central macular thickness was also found to be similar in all three groups. There was no significant difference between the groups in visual field parameters. Macular FAF images were significantly higher in the drug users, but there was no significant difference between the three groups in foveal FAF images. Contrast sensitivity measurements were significantly lower in the drug groups than in the control group at all spatial frequencies except 6 and 18 cycles/degree.
conclusionsThe combined use of structural and functional tests in patients using hydroxychloroquine provides useful information in detecting early retinal changes.
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