Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39237706›Full record

ArticleNature biotechnology2025

Continuous multiplexed phage genome editing using recombitrons.

Chloe B Fishman, Kate D Crawford, Santi Bhattarai-Kline, Darshini Poola, Karen Zhang, Alejandro González-Delgado, Matías Rojas-Montero, Seth L Shipman

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature biotechnology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
24citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

24 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Structure and mechanism of antiphage retron Eco2.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2026
    Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Phage genome engineering with retrons.Nature biotechnology · 2025
    Article
  16. Review
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Chloe B Fishman *Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-4698-4469
Kate D Crawford *Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Santi Bhattarai-Kline *Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Darshini Poola *Gladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Karen ZhangGladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1177-635X
Alejandro González-DelgadoGladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-8357-3204
Matías Rojas-MonteroGladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0008-8257-4708
Seth L ShipmanGladstone Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, San Francisco, CA, USA. seth.shipman@gladstone.ucsf.edu.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3130-8043

Funding

Engineered Mitochondria for Therapeutic Donation and Mitochondrial Genome EditingDP2GM140917 · NIGMS · J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES · PI SHIPMAN, SETH LAWLER · 2020 to 2020
$2.8M
RetroDecoys: Temporally-regulated and cell type selective technology for transcriptional controlR21EB031393 · NIBIB · J. DAVID GLADSTONE INSTITUTES · PI SHIPMAN, SETH LAWLER · 2022 to 2023
$520k
National Science Foundation (NSF) MCB 2137692NIBIB NIH HHS R21 EB031393NIGMS NIH HHS DP2 GM140917U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) R21EB031393U.S. Department of Health & Human Services | NIH | National Institute of General Medical Sciences (NIGMS) 1DP2GM140917
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Bacteriophage genome editing can enhance the efficacy of phages to eliminate pathogenic bacteria in patients and in the environment. However, current methods for editing phage genomes require laborious screening, counterselection or in vitro construction of modified genomes. Here, we present a scalable approach that uses modified bacterial retrons called recombitrons to generate recombineering donor DNA paired with single-stranded binding and annealing proteins for integration into phage genomes. This system can efficiently create genome modifications in multiple phages without the need for counterselection. The approach also supports larger insertions and deletions, which can be combined with simultaneous counterselection for >99% efficiency. Moreover, we show that the process is continuous, with more edits accumulating the longer the phage is cultured with the host, and multiplexable. We install up to five distinct mutations on a single lambda phage genome without counterselection in only a few hours of hands-on time and identify a residue-level epistatic interaction in the T7 gp17 tail fiber.

Indexed as

Bacteriophage lambdaBacteriophagesGene EditingGenome, ViralEscherichia coli

Identifiers

PMID39237706
PMCPMC11880354

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.