Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39237049›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of ophthalmology2025

Association Between Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists Exposure and Intraocular Pressure Change: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists and Intraocular Pressure Change.

Shahin Hallaj, William Halfpenny, Benton G Chuter, Robert N Weinreb, Sally L Baxter, Qi N Cui

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  6. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Shahin HallajFrom the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., R.N.W., S.L.B.), Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., S.L.B.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
William HalfpennyFrom the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., R.N.W., S.L.B.), Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., S.L.B.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Benton G ChuterFrom the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., R.N.W., S.L.B.), Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., S.L.B.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Robert N WeinrebFrom the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., R.N.W., S.L.B.), Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA.
Sally L BaxterFrom the Viterbi Family Department of Ophthalmology, Division of Ophthalmology Informatics and Data Science (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., R.N.W., S.L.B.), Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Shiley Eye Institute, University of California, San Diego, California, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Biomedical Informatics (S.H., W.H., B.G.C., S.L.B.), University of California, San Diego, California, USA. Electronic address: s1baxter@health.ucsd.edu.
Qi N CuiF.M. Kirby Center for Molecular Ophthalmology (Q.N.C.), Scheie Eye Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA. Electronic address: qi.cui@pennmedicine.upenn.edu.

Funding

Bridge2AI:Salutogenesis Data Generation ProjectOT2OD032644 · OD · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI BAXTER, SALLY LIU, CHUTE, CHRISTOPHER G · 2022 to 2025
$32.7M
Scientific TransparencyP30EY001583 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI CLAIRE H MITCHELL · 1985 to 2026
$19.5M
Vision BiostatisticsP30EY022589 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI Radha Ayyagari · 2012 to 2026
$10.3M
Multi-modal Health Information Technology Innovations for Precision Management of GlaucomaDP5OD029610 · OD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BAXTER, SALLY LIU · 2020 to 2024
$2.1M
Evaluating Mechanisms and Therapeutic Potential of (GLP-1R) Agonists for Glaucoma TreatmentR01EY034115 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA · PI Qi N Cui · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
Multimodal Artificial Intelligence to Predict Glaucomatous Progression and Surgical InterventionR01EY034146 · NEI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN DIEGO · PI BAXTER, SALLY LIU, CHRISTOPHER, MARK · 2022 to 2025
$1.8M
NEI NIH HHS P30 EY001583NEI NIH HHS P30 EY022589NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034115NEI NIH HHS R01 EY034146NIH HHS DP5 OD029610NIH HHS OT2 OD032644
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study evaluates the effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on intraocular pressure (IOP).

designRetrospective clinical cohort study.

methodsThe University of California Health Data Warehouse was queried for patients exposed to GLP-1R agonists or other oral antidiabetics. A total of 1247 glaucoma surgery and treatment naïve eyes of 626 patientson GLP-1R agonists and 1083 glaucoma surgery and treatment naïve eyes of 547 patients on other oral antidiabetics were included. Index date was defined as the date of first exposure to the medication. Eyes with at least one pre-exposure and one post-exposure tonometry records within 365 days of the index date were included. Clinical and laboratory data were extracted. Eyes were excluded upon exposure to glaucoma hypotensive medication or glaucoma surgery. The primary outcome measure was ∆IOP after exposure, which was analyzed using a paired t test and generalized estimating equations (GEE)

resultsThe median age was 66.2 years [IQR = 18.3]; 607 (51.7%) were female, and 667 (56.9%) were Caucasian. Median pre-exposure IOP, hemoglobin A1c, and body mass index were 15.2 mm Hg [IQR = 3.8], 7.5 [IQR = 2.4], and 29.8 [IQR = 9.4], respectively. A total of 776 individuals (66.1%) had diabetes, with the median number of active oral antidiabetics being 1.0 [IQR = 1.0], and 441 (37.5%) being insulin users. Several pre-exposure characteristics differed between the groups. The mean ∆IOP was -0.4 ± 2.8 mm Hg (paired t test P < .001) and -0.2 ± 3.3 mm Hg (paired t test P = .297) in the GLP-1R agonist and other antidiabetics groups, respectively. Pre-exposure IOP was the only independent predictor of ΔIOP in multivariable GEE. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

conclusionsAlthough GLP-1R agonists were significantly associated with a decrease in IOP in the paired analysis, they were not associated with ΔIOP in multivariable GEE. Moreover, the difference in ΔIOP between the two groups was small.

Indexed as

Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsHypoglycemic AgentsIntraocular PressureTonometry, OcularAdministration, OralAgedBlood GlucoseDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2FemaleGlycated HemoglobinHumansMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesBlood GlucoseGlucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor AgonistsGlycated HemoglobinHypoglycemic Agents

Identifiers

PMID39237049
PMCPMC11634659

What OpenQuestion holds

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Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.