ArticleThe American journal on addictions2025
Estimating the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on birth outcomes.
Article in The American journal on addictions, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-Reported Cannabis Use in Pregnancy and Maternal Psychological Health.Cannabis (Albuquerque, N.M.) · 2026Article
- Estimating the effects of prenatal cannabis exposure on birth outcomes.The American journal on addictions · 2025Article
- Using the PROMOTE Screener to Identify Psychosocial Risk Factors for Prenatal Substance Use.Journal of addiction medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
objectivesPrenatal cannabis use prevalence in the United States has increased. Relaxation of state-level cannabis policy may be contributing to the diminished risk perception of using cannabis. The main psychoactive constituent of cannabis, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, crosses the placenta, interacting with functional cannabinoid receptors in the fetus. Here, we assess the association between prenatal cannabis exposure (PCE) and a set of birth outcomes.
methodsUsing the Michigan Archive for Research on Child Health, a prospective pregnancy cohort, we linked prenatal survey data with neonatal data from state-archived birth records. Recruitment occurred in 23 clinics across Michigan. Pregnant participants with live birth records between October 2017 and January 2022, after exclusion for missing data on cannabis use, birth outcomes, and covariates, were included in the final analytic sample (n = 584). Analyses involved generalized linear models.
resultsAn estimated 15% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 12%, 18%) of participants reported using cannabis during pregnancy. Covariate-adjusted models revealed an association between PCE and birth size (ß = -0.3; 95% CI: -0.5, -0.003). DISCUSSION AND
conclusionsFindings suggest a relationship between PCE and smaller birth size. Clinicians should follow guidelines outlined by the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists when counseling pregnant patients on cannabis use. SCIENTIFIC SIGNIFICANCE: We detected a significant association between PCE and birth size. Most studies focus only on the extremes of birth size, however, use of z-scores allow for assessment of the sex-specific birth weight-for-gestational age distribution, increasing the accuracy of detecting an effect of cannabis exposure on birth size.
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