ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2025
Prospective Exploratory Evaluation of Cepheid Xpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Response Cartridge: A Focus on Adolescents and Young Adults.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Cepheid 9-gene host mRNA expression across the spectrum of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and disease: insights across the lifespan.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Accuracy and clinical utility of near-point-of-care blood tests for predicting incident tuberculosis in exposed contacts in high burden settings: a multi-country observational cohort study.Research square · 2026Article
- Blood-based cepheid 3-gene host response test for TB disease: diagnostic performance at a specialized respiratory hospital in China.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Improved Detection of Extrapulmonary and Paucibacillary Pulmonary Tuberculosis by Xpert MTB Host Response in a Tuberculosis Low-Endemic, High-Resource Setting.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Reliable, accessible, cost-effective, & easy (RACE) diagnostic modality: A key for elimination of tuberculosis.The Indian journal of medical research · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundAn accurate, rapid, non-sputum-based triage test for diagnosing tuberculosis (TB) is needed.
methodsA prospective evaluation of the Cepheid GeneXpert Mycobacterium tuberculosis Host Response cartridge (Xpert-MTB-HR), a prototype blood-based host response mRNA signature assay, among individuals presenting with TB-like symptoms was performed in Pakistan and results were compared to 3 reference standards: Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, bacteriological confirmation (Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra and/or culture positivity), and composite clinical diagnosis (clinician diagnosis, treatment initiation, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and/or culture positivity). Analyses were conducted both for the entire study cohort and separately in the adolescent and young adult cohort (aged 10-24 years).
resultsA total of 497 participants, aged 6-83 years, returned valid Xpert-MTB-HR results. When a diagnostic threshold was set for a sensitivity of >90%, specificity was 32% (95% confidence interval [CI], 28%-37%) compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, 29% (95% CI, 25%-34%) compared to a bacteriological confirmation, and 22% (95% CI, 18%-26%) compared to a composite clinical diagnosis. However, when evaluating only the adolescent and young adult cohort with a diagnostic threshold set for sensitivity of >90%, specificity was 82% (95% CI, 74%-89%) compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, 84% (95% CI, 75%-90%) compared to a bacteriological confirmation, and 54% (95% CI, 44%-64%) compared to a composite clinical diagnosis.
conclusionsWhile the Xpert-MTB-HR does not meet World Health Organization minimum criteria in the general population, in our study it does meet the minimum sensitivity and specificity requirements for a non-sputum-based triage test among adolescents and young adults when compared to Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra or bacteriological confirmation.
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