ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
Development and validation of an electronic Symbol-Digit Modalities Test for remote monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Implementing Technology in Neuropsychological Assessments: A Scoping Review.Journal of medical systems · 2026Article
- Review
- Digital health technologies in swallowing care from screening to rehabilitation: A narrative review.Auris, nasus, larynx · 2025Review
- Learning as a digital hallmark of cognition in multiple sclerosis: lessons from a digital symbol digit modalities test.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an electronic Symbol-Digit Modalities Test for remote monitoring of people with multiple sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundComputerized cognitive tests may extend the reach of cognitive screening and monitoring to those with mobility issues or living in remote areas. Moreover, it could enable frequent and autonomous remote cognitive assessments in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) on account of its reduced economic and organizational costs. This may further improve our understanding of longitudinal trends and significantly improve the standard of care for pwMS living in remote areas or with mobility limitations. We aimed to evaluate the psychometric properties of an electronic Symbol-Digit Modalities Test (eSDMT) designed to allow pwMS to perform a rapid cognitive assessment independently from home using their own PC/laptop.
methodsSixty-two participants underwent a neuropsychological evaluation, and then performed the eSDMT in the clinic. Forty-two participants also repeated the eSDMT at home. We assessed concurrent validity (eSDMT vs. oral SDMT), test-retest reliability (in the clinic vs. at home), discriminant validity (pwMS with/without cognitive impairment), and other psychometric characteristics of the eSDMT (effect of age, sex, and education on test scores).
resultsWe observed good-to-excellent concurrent validity (r ≥ 0.84, all p < 0.0001) and test-retest reliability (intraclass correlation coefficients [ICCs]>0.87, all p < 0.0001). Discriminant validity was excellent (area under the curves [AUCs] >0.84, all p < 0.0001). eSDMT scores were only slightly influenced by demographic characteristics (all R
conclusionsWe provided evidence which supports the use of our eSDMT as a feasible, valid, and reliable remote assessment of cognitive function in pwMS. Future studies will investigate long-term reliability and predictive power.
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