Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39233240›Full record

ArticleJournal of affective disorders2024

Similarities and differences in the functions of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) across gender non-conforming and cisgender young adults.

Nina M Lutz, Samuel R Chamberlain, Jon E Grant, Christine Lochner, Paul O Wilkinson, Tamsin J Ford, Sharon A S Neufeld

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Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Nina M LutzDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; The Mental Health Foundation, London, UK. Electronic address: nml40@cantab.ac.uk.
Samuel R ChamberlainDepartment of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, UK and Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
Jon E GrantDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Chicago, USA.
Christine LochnerSA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, University of Stellenbosch, South Africa.
Paul O WilkinsonDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Tamsin J FordDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK; Cambridgeshire and Peterborough NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
Sharon A S NeufeldDepartment of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, UK.

Funding

Wellcome Trust 110049
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) can be motivated by a broad range of functions and many individuals report multiple reasons for self-injuring. Most NSSI research has involved predominantly female samples and few studies have examined gender similarities and differences in function endorsement.

methodsWe characterise the prevalence and versatility of NSSI functions within a gender-diverse online sample of cisgender women (cis-women; n = 280), cisgender men (cis-men; n = 176), and transgender, non-binary, and other gender non-conforming young adults (TGNC; n = 80) age 18-30 (M = 23.73, SD = 3.55). The Ottawa Self-Injury Inventory (OSI-F) assessed 24 intrapersonal and social functions across nine domains: affect regulation, self-punishment, anti-dissociation, anti-suicide, sensation seeking, sexuality, interpersonal influence, and body image.

resultsTGNC participants and cis-women were significantly more likely to report intrapersonally motivated NSSI and greater function versatility than cis-men. Low mood, emotional distress, suicidality, and trauma symptomology appeared to contribute to gender differences in function endorsement. Gender similarities also emerged; across groups, intrapersonal functions were substantially more common than social functions, and the most endorsed domains were affect regulation and self-punishment. No domains were gender specific. LIMITATIONS: The OSI-F was developed from majority female samples and may not adequately capture the experiences of other gender groups.

conclusionsInterventions which reduce distress and strengthen emotion regulation are likely to benefit individuals who self-injure regardless of gender. However, most individuals report multiple NSSI functions and person-centred interventions which address this complexity are needed. Future research should develop gender-informed treatment models which consider the unique experiences of TGNC individuals and cis-men who self-injure.

Indexed as

Self-Injurious BehaviorAdolescentAdultBody ImageEmotional RegulationFemaleHumansMaleMotivationSex FactorsTransgender PersonsYoung AdultFunctionsGenderNon-binaryNSSISelf-harmTransgender

Identifiers

PMID39233240
PMCPMC7616764

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.