Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39232814›Full record

ArticleItalian journal of pediatrics2024

Predictors for the incidence of pneumonia among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Regional State Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, Ethiopia: a multicenter retrospective follow-up study.

Gebrehiwot Berie Mekonnen, Fikadie Dagnew Baye, Gashaw Kerebeh, Mengistu Melak Fekadie, Yohannes Tesfahun Kassie, Tiruye Azene Demile, Alamirew Enyew Belay, Asnake Gashaw Belayneh, Bruck Tesfaye Legesse, Wubet Tazeb Wondie and 1 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Italian journal of pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

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3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

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5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Gebrehiwot Berie MekonnenDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia. geberehwot2004@gmail.com.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9087-7794
Fikadie Dagnew BayeDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Gashaw KerebehDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Mengistu Melak FekadieDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, P.O. Box: 272, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Yohannes Tesfahun KassieDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia.
Tiruye Azene DemileDepartment of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
Alamirew Enyew BelayDepartment of Adult Health Nursing, School of Health Science, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Asnake Gashaw BelaynehDepartment of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, College of Medicine Health Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
Bruck Tesfaye LegesseDepartment of Pediatrics and Neonatal Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Institutes of Health Sciences, Wollaga University, Nekemte, Ethiopia.
Wubet Tazeb WondieDepartment of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia.
Mengistu Abebe MesseluDepartment of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundHuman Immune deficiency Virus (HIV) infected children are at higher risk of developing pneumonia. Particularly, in the early phase of HIV infection, the risk of acquiring pneumonia is high, and it remains a major public health problem even after the test and treatment strategy. There is no clear evidence of the overall incidence of pneumonia among HIV-infected children in Amhara region. Aimed to assess the incidence of pneumonia and its predictors among HIV-infected children receiving Antiretroviral therapy in Amhara Region Comprehensive Specialized Hospitals, 2022.

methodsA multicenter retrospective follow-up study was conducted from June 10, 2014, to February 28, 2022, among 430 HIV-positive children receiving antiretroviral therapy. A simple random sampling technique was used. The data was taken from the national antiretroviral intake and follow-up forms. The data were collected via the KoBo toolbox and analyzed using Stata version 17. The Kaplan-Meier curve and log-rank test were employed. Bivariable and multivariable Cox regression was carried out to identify predictors of pneumonia and a P-value < 0.05 was considered significant in to multivariable analysis.

resultsA total of 407 children with a record completeness rate of 94.7% were analyzed in the study. The incidence rate of pneumonia was 4.55 (95% CI; 3.5, 5.92) per 100 person-years observation. The mean survival time was 77.67 months and the total times at risk during follow-up period were yielding 1229.33 person-year observations. Having CD4 cell count below threshold [AHR; 2.71 (95% CI: 1.37, 5.35)], WHO stage III and IV [AHR: 2.17 (95% CI: 1.15, 4.08)], ever had fair and poor treatment adherence [AHR: 2.66 (95% CI: 1.45, 4.89)], and not initiated antiretroviral therapy within seven days [AHR: 2.35 (95% CI: 1.15, 4.78)] were the positive predictors for incidence of Pneumonia.

conclusionsIn this study, the incidence of pneumonia was lower than the previous studies. CD4 cells below the threshold, ever had fair and poor adherence to antiretroviral therapy, WHO stage III and IV, and not initiated antiretroviral therapy within seven days were significant predictors. Therefore,, it is crucial to detect baseline assessment and give attention to those identified predictors promptly, and timely initiation of antiretroviral therapy need special attention.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsPneumoniaAnti-Retroviral AgentsChildChild, PreschoolEthiopiaFemaleFollow-Up StudiesHospitals, SpecialHumansIncidenceInfantMaleRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsAnti-Retroviral AgentsAntiretroviral therapyEthiopiaHIV-infected childrenIncidencePneumoniaPredictors

Identifiers

PMID39232814
PMCPMC11375993

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.