Observational studyThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025
Clinical Features and HLA Genetics Differ in Children at Type 1 Diabetes Onset by Hispanic Ethnicity.
Observational study in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Differences in Clinical Manifestations and Islet Autoantibodies by Age in Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes.Diabetes care · 2026Article
- Early Detection of Type 1 Diabetes in First-Degree Relatives in Saudi Arabia (VISION-T1D): Protocol for a Pilot Implementation Study.JMIR research protocols · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextType 1 diabetes incidence continues to increase in children, especially among Hispanic White (HW) children.
objectiveWe investigated the clinical, immunologic, and genetic characteristics of HW and non-Hispanic White (NHW) children who presented at type 1 diabetes diagnosis.
methodsIn this single-center, observational study, children who were diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (≤20 years old) and tested for islet autoantibodies within 1 year of diagnosis were included in the study and divided into 2 groups by Hispanic ethnicity.
resultsOf 1297 children, 398 HW children presented with a younger age at diabetes onset (10.2 ± 3.9 vs 11.1 ± 4.1 years, P < .001) and more diabetic ketoacidosis (62.4% vs 51.9%, P < .001) than NHW children (n = 899). There was no difference in sex, A1c levels, or the number and prevalence of islet autoantibodies between the 2 cohorts. A subset of our cohort was human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typed as specific alleles confer strong genetic risk for type 1 diabetes (eg, HLA-DR4 and DQ8). Among 637 HLA-typed children, HW children had a significantly higher prevalence of the DR4-DQ8 haplotype than NHW children (79.1% vs 60.1%, P < .001), and this frequency was much higher than a reference Hispanic population (OR 6.5, 95% CI 4.6-9.3).
conclusionHispanic White children developing type 1 diabetes have a high prevalence of HLA DR4-DQ8, which can be utilized to select individuals for immune monitoring with islet autoantibodies to lessen diabetic ketoacidosis and potentially prevent diabetes onset.
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