ArticleArchives of gynecology and obstetrics2024
The impact of Germany's human papillomavirus immunization program on HPV-related anogenital diseases: a retrospective analysis of claims data from statutory health insurances.
Article in Archives of gynecology and obstetrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effects of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination programmes on community rates of HPV-related disease and harms from vaccination.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Long-Term Follow-Up After Surgical Treatment of Anogenital and Oropharyngeal Condyloma Acuminata with Simultaneous HPV Vaccination Initiation in Patients with Concurrent HPV-16 or -18 Co-Infection.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Real-world Impact of HPV Vaccination on CIN2+ Reduction: A Meta-analysis of Observational Studies Assessing Variation by Age, Coverage, and Vaccine Type.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Review
- Registry Study of the Working Group on Cervical Pathology and Colposcopy (AGCPC) on the Diagnostic Algorithm for the New Cervical Cancer Screening - Persistent HPV Infections and Squamous Cell Lesions: Evaluation of over 10000 Patients.Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde · 2026Article
- Expanding HPV prevention across the life course: evidence on vaccine effectiveness in adults.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
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Abstract
purposeHuman papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, responsible for multiple HPV-related diseases, including almost all cervical cancers. The highly effective HPV vaccination has been recommended under the German HPV national immunization program (NIP) since 2007 and is reimbursed by health insurances. Vaccination uptake rates, however, remain suboptimal and data on the real-world impact of HPV vaccination in Germany are lacking. This study aims to demonstrate the population-level impact of Germany's NIP on HPV-related anogenital diseases among young women.
methodsRetrospective claims data analysis using a classic impact study design comparing disease prevalence among 28- to 33-year-old women before and after introduction of the HPV-immunization program in Germany. Claims data representing approximately two thirds of German health insurances were used. HPV-related disease outcomes included cervical cancer and high grade precancers (cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) 2+), anogenital warts, as well as vulvar, vaginal, and anal precancer/cancer.
resultsSignificant declines were seen for CIN2+, anogenital warts, and vaginal precancer/cancer. Prevalence of CIN2+ declined 51.1% from 0.92% (95% CI = 0.78%, 1.08%) to 0.45% (95% CI = 0.38%, 0.53%). There was a 38.6% decline in anogenital warts prevalence from 0.44% (95% CI = 0.36%, 0.54%) to 0.27% (95% CI = 0.22%, 0.32%) and 75.0% decline in vaginal precancer/cancer prevalence from 0.04% (95% CI = 0.02%, 0.07%) to 0.01% (95% CI = 0.00%, 0.02%).
conclusionThe German HPV-immunization program has led to significant declines in female anogenital disease among young women in Germany, highlighting the importance of the vaccination. Moreover, the data suggest that increasing vaccination coverage in Germany could further strengthen the public-health impact of its HPV-immunization program.
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