Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39230627›Full record

ArticleBreast cancer research and treatment2024

Baseline sLAG-3 levels in Caucasian and African-American breast cancer patients.

Helen Swede, Sharif M Ridwan, Jillian Strandberg, Andrew L Salner, Jonathan R Sporn, Lynn Kuo, Karen Ru, Henry M Smilowitz

Abstract read
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Breast cancer research and treatment, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Helen SwedeDepartment of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT, USA.
Sharif M RidwanDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
Jillian StrandbergDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
Andrew L SalnerCancer Center, Hartford Hospital, Hartford HealthCare, Hartford, CT, USA.
Jonathan R SpornYale Smilow Cancer Program, Saint Francis Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA.
Lynn KuoDepartment of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA.
Karen RuDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA.
Henry M SmilowitzDepartment of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Avenue, Farmington, CT, 06030, USA. smilowitz@uchc.edu.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundWorse survival persists for African-Americans (AA) with breast cancer compared to other race/ethnic groups despite recent improvements for all. Unstudied in outcomes disparities to date is soluble LAG-3 (sLAG-3), cleaved from the LAG-3 immune checkpoint receptor which is a proposed target for deactivation in emerging immunotherapies due to its prominent immunosuppressive function in the tumoral microenvironment. A prior study has found that lower sLAG-3 baseline level was associated with poor outcomes.

methodsIn a cross-sectional study of 95 patients with primary breast cancer (n = 58 Caucasian, n = 37 AA), we measured sLAG-3 (ELISA pg/ml) in pre-treatment blood samples using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney u-Test for independent samples, and, calculated Pearson r correlation coefficients of sLAG-3 with circulating cytokines by race.

resultsMean sLAG-3 level was lower in AA compared to Caucasian patients (1377.6 vs 3690.3, P = .002), and in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) compared to those with non-TNBC malignancies (P = .02). When patients with TNBC tumors were excluded from analyses, the difference in sLAG-3 level between AA (n = 21) and Caucasian patients (n = 40) substantially remained (1937.4 vs 4182.4, P = .06). Among Caucasian patients, sLAG-3 was correlated with IL-6, IL-8 and IL-10 (r = .69, P < .001; r = .70, P < .001; and, r = .46, P = .01; respectively). For AA patients, sLAG-3 was correlated only with IL-6 (r = .37, P = .03).

conclusionsWe present the first report that African-American breast cancer patients might have comparatively low pre-treatment sLAG-3 levels, independent of TNBC status, along with reduced co-expression with circulating cytokines. The mechanistic and prognostic role of cleaved LAG-3, particularly in disparate outcomes, remains to be elucidated.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanBreast NeoplasmsLymphocyte Activation Gene 3 ProteinAdultAgedAntigens, CDBiomarkers, TumorCross-Sectional StudiesCytokinesFemaleHumansMiddle AgedPrognosisTriple Negative Breast NeoplasmsWhiteAntigens, CDBiomarkers, TumorCytokinesLag3 protein, humanLymphocyte Activation Gene 3 ProteinBreast cancerCancer immunotherapyLAG-3sLAG-3Survival disparities

Identifiers

PMID39230627

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.