ArticleRevista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology2024
Social inequalities in self-reported SARS-CoV-2 infection in Brazilian adults: PNAD COVID-19.
Article in Revista brasileira de epidemiologia = Brazilian journal of epidemiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on the Indigenous Population of Brazil: A Systematic Review.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Pooled it
- A physical activity and socioemotional intervention for residents of a large vulnerable community in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomized controlled study.Frontiers in public health · 2025Trial
- History of self-reported COVID-19 cases and hospitalizations in the Brazilian population: a countrywide survey.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Factors associated with death from COVID-19 in traditional peoples and communities in Brazil.PloS one · 2025Article
- SARS-CoV-2 infection in the Indigenous Pataxó community of Southern Bahia, Brazil: second wave of transmission and vaccine effects.Cadernos de saude publica · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
objectiveTo investigate inequalities related to race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status in self-reported positive diagnosis for COVID-19 in Brazilian adults.
methodsData available from the National Household Sample Survey COVID-19 (PNAD COVID 19) (July/September/November, 2020) were used in this retrospective investigation. The analyses considered the sampling design, primary sampling units, strata and sample weights. Poisson regression with robust variance was used to estimate prevalence ratio (PR) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI) of the associations.
resultsIn July, September and November 2020, with regard to the rapid test, indigenous people were 2.45 (95%CI 1.48-4.08), 2.53 (95%CI 1.74-4.41) and 1.23 (95%CI 1.11-1.86) times more likely to report a positive history of SARS-CoV-2 infection, respectively. With regard to the RT-PCR test in November, indigenous people were more likely to test positive for COVID-19 (PR: 1.90; 95%CI 1.07-3.38). It was observed that the indigenous group was 1.86 (95%CI 1.05-3.29) and 2.11 (95%CI 1.12-3.59) times more likely to test positive for COVID-19 in September and November (2020). Income was associated with testing positive for COVID-19: in November, individuals whose income ranged from R$0.00-R$1.044 were more likely (PR: 1.69; 95%CI 1.16-23.06) to test positive using the RT-PCR test; participants whose income was in this range were also more likely to be diagnosed with COVID-19 using blood tests (PR: 1.72; 95%CI 1.43-2.07).
conclusionThe data presented show an association between race/ethnicity and economic status with a positive diagnosis of COVID-19.
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