ArticleHeliyon2024
Association between growth differentiation factor-15 and adverse outcomes among patients with heart failure: A systematic literature review.
Article in Heliyon, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- A validated predictive model for mid- and long-term mortality risk assessment after elective endovascular repair in abdominal aortic aneurysm patients.Annals of medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Evolving Proteomic Biomarkers in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Myocardial Injury in Rheumatic Diseases: Immune and Microcirculatory and Molecular Mechanisms of Cardiomyopathies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Hormonal crossroads of the heart: from classic endocrine regulation to cardiac hormone secretion: an updated review.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2026Review
- Growth Differentiation Factor 15 as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Burden and Mortality in a Population-Based Cohort.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The Role of GDF-15 in Heart Failure and Biomarker Potential-From Basic Science to Clinical Praxis.Biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Pathophysiology and emerging biomarkers of cardiovascular-renal-hepato-metabolic syndrome.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Combined Use of GDF-15 and NT-Pro BNP for Outcome Prediction in Patients with Acute Heart Failure.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is an emerging biomarker in several conditions. This SLR, conducted following PRISMA guidelines, examined the association between GDF-15 concentration and range of adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure (HF). Publications were identified from Embase® and Medline® bibliographic databases between January 1, 2014, and August 23, 2022 (congress abstracts: January 1, 2020, to August 23, 2022). Sixty-three publications met the eligibility criteria (55 manuscripts and 8 abstracts; 45 observational studies and 18 post hoc analyses of randomized controlled trials [RCTs]). Of the 19 outcomes identified, the most frequently reported longitudinal outcomes were mortality (n = 32 studies; all-cause [n = 27] or cardiovascular-related [n = 6]), composite outcomes (n = 28; most commonly mortality ± hospitalization/rehospitalization [n = 19]), and hospitalization/re-hospitalization (n = 11). The most common cross-sectional outcome was renal function (n = 22). Among longitudinal studies assessing independent relationships with outcomes using multivariate analyses (MVA), a significant increase in risk associated with higher baseline GDF-15 concentration was found in 22/24 (92 %) studies assessing all-cause mortality, 4/5 (80 %) assessing cardiovascular-related mortality, 13/19 (68 %) assessing composite outcomes, and 4/8 (50 %) assessing hospitalization/rehospitalization. All (7/7; 100 %) of the cross-sectional studies assessing the relationship with renal function by MVA, and 3/4 (75 %) assessing exercise capacity, found poorer outcomes associated with higher baseline GDF-15 concentrations. This SLR suggests GDF-15 is an independent predictor of mortality and other adverse but nonfatal outcomes in patients with HF. A better understanding of the prognostic role of GDF-15 in HF could improve clinical risk prediction models and potentially help optimize treatment regimens.
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Registered trials
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