ArticlePlastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open2024
Innovating Flexor Tendon Repair Training with a Three-dimensional Printed Model.
Article in Plastic and reconstructive surgery. Global open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Impact of modified Henry approach with preservation of Flexor Carpi Radialis Tendon Sheath on wrist function in the treatment of distal radius fractures.Archives of orthopaedic and trauma surgery · 2026Article
- Comparison of Porcine Tendon to Novel 3D-Printed Silicone Model for Learning Flexor Tendon Repair Techniques.Plastic surgery (Oakville, Ont.) · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Flexor tendon repair is a technically demanding procedure, with functional outcome directly proportional to skillful execution. A repair must be strong to manage early mobilization and precise to allow for gliding through the tendon sheath. As a result, junior residents face a steep learning curve that may be mitigated by exposure to surgical simulators. Methods: To facilitate flexor tendon repair training, a surgical training device and accompanying instructional video were developed. Simulation workshops were held for junior orthopedic and plastic surgery residents (n = 11). To objectively assess validity of the curriculum, study participants performed cadaveric flexor tendon repairs before and after the workshop. Anonymous recordings of these repairs were graded by two certified hand surgeons. Additionally, a tensometer was used to measure strength of repair. Results: Model realism, educational utility, and overall usefulness rated high: 4.6 ± 0.52 95% confidence interval (CI) for realism, 4.9 ± 0.42 95% CI for device, 4.7 ± 0.96 95% CI for video, and 4.9 ± 0.66 95% CI overall. Subjective confidence increased after the training session (73% ranked "moderately" or "extremely"). Likewise, scores given by the surgeons grading the repairs improved for overall quality and time of repair (pre: 2.77 ± 0.61, post: 4.22 ± 0.56, Conclusions: The proposed three-dimensional surgical simulator for flexor tendon repair is realistic and useful, with improved surgical technique and improved confidence demonstrated after use. This design can be three-dimensionally printed en masse and provide value to hand surgery training curriculum.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.