ArticleJRSM open2024
Long COVID symptoms and demographic associations: A retrospective case series study using healthcare application data.
Article in JRSM open, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Integrated care pathway in individuals with Long COVID: STIMULATE-ICP, a cluster-randomized, phase 3 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Clinical Manifestations Associated with Pain in Nursing Students in Emerging Adulthood with Long COVID.Nursing reports (Pavia, Italy) · 2026Article
- Characteristics Associated with Mental and Physical Health Among US Adults with Long COVID.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Socio-Demographic Inequalities in COVID-19 Health Care Access and Experiences in the United Kingdom: Intersectional and Mixed-Methods Analyses of Open and Closed Questions in a Prospective Cohort Study.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2026Article
- Sex- and Age-Dependent Neuroimmune Dysregulation and Early Neurodegenerative Signatures Following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Golden Syrian Hamsters.Research square · 2026Article
- Post-COVID-19 physical and mental quality of life: a latent profile analysis and predictive factors.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Pre-pandemic lifestyle patterns and mental health outcomes among people reporting post-acute sequelae of COVID-19: evidence from a Slovenian population-based sample.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Urban health inequities and healthy longevity: traditional and emerging risk factors across the cities and policy implications.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate long COVID (LC) symptoms self-reported via a digital application. Explore associations between various demographic factors and intensity of LC symptoms. Design: A retrospective case series study. We analysed self-reported symptoms from 1008 individuals with LC between November 30, 2020, and March 23, 2022. Setting: England and Wales. Participants: Individuals with LC using the healthcare application in 31 post-COVID-19 clinics and self-reporting LC symptoms. Main outcome measures: Highest reported LC symptoms, associations with demographic factors and intensity of symptoms. Results: 109 symptom categories were identified, with pain (26.5%), neuropsychological issues (18.4%), fatigue (14.3%) and dyspnoea (7.4%) the most prevalent. The intensity of reported symptoms increased by 3.3% per month since registration. Age groups 68-77 and 78-87 experienced higher symptom intensity (32.8% and 86% higher, respectively) compared to the 18-27 age group. Women reported 9.2% more intense symptoms than men, and non-white individuals with LC reported 23.5% more intense symptoms than white individuals with LC. Higher education levels (national vocational qualification (NVQ) 3 to NVQ 5) were associated with less symptom intensity (27.7%, 62.8% and 44.7% less, respectively) compared to the least educated (NVQ 1-2). People in less deprived areas had less intense symptoms than those in the most deprived area. No significant association was found between index of multiple deprivation (IMD) decile and number of symptoms. Conclusion: Treatment plans must prioritise addressing prevalent LC symptoms; we recommend sustained support for LC clinics. Demographic factors significantly influence symptom severity, underlining the need for targeted interventions. These findings can inform healthcare policies to better manage LC.
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