ArticleJournal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists2025
Effect of artificial aging on fracture toughness and hardness of 3D-printed and milled 3Y-TZP zirconia.
Article in Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Protein adsorption at material interface: mechanistic design framework for engineering ceramic scaffolds for bone repair applications.Biomedical engineering online · 2026Review
- Effects of different polishing systems on gloss and roughness of CAD/CAM reinforced resin composites: an in vitro study.Clinical oral investigations · 2026Article
- Additive manufacturing for Dentistry: A comprehensive review of techniques and applications.Progress in materials science · 2026Article
- Effect of artificial aging on fracture toughness and hardness of 3D-printed and milled 3Y-TZP zirconia.Journal of prosthodontics : official journal of the American College of Prosthodontists · 2025Article
- Comparative Evaluation of Mechanical Properties Between CAD/CAM-Milled and 3D-Printed Dental Zirconia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Effect of Hydrothermal Aging on Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Zirconia Ceramics.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Phase Evolution and Mechanical Performance of Zirconia Ceramics Synthesized Under High Temperature and High Pressure.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThis study aimed to evaluate the impact of artificial aging on the fracture toughness and hardness of three-dimensional (3D)-printed and computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) milled 3 mol% yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (3Y-TZP). MATERIALS AND
methodsForty bar-shaped specimens (45 × 4 × 3 mm) were prepared using two manufacturing technologies: 3D printing (LithaCon 3Y 210, Lithoz GmbH, Vienna, Austria; n = 20) and milling (Initial Zirconia ST, GC, Japan; n = 20) of 3Y-TZP. The chevron-notch beam method was used to assess the fracture toughness according to ISO 24370. Specimens from each 3Y-TZP group were divided into two subgroups (n = 10) based on the artificial aging process (autoclaving): nonaged and aged. Nonaged specimens were stored at room temperature, while aged specimens underwent autoclave aging at 134°C under 2 bar-pressure for 5 h. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in absolute 99% ethanol using an ultrasonic cleaner for 5 min. Each specimen was preloaded by subjecting it to a 4-point loading test, with a force of up to 200 N applied for three cycles. Further 4-point loading was conducted at a rate of 0.5 mm/min under controlled temperature and humidity conditions until fracture occurred. The maximum force (F
resultsThe nonaged 3D-printed 3Y-TZP group exhibited a significantly higher fracture toughness value (6.07 MPa m
conclusionThe findings revealed that the new 3D-printed 3Y-TZP produced by the lithography-based ceramic manufacturing (LCM) technology exhibited superior fracture toughness after autoclave aging compared to the milled 3Y-TZP. While no significant differences in hardness were observed between the aged groups, the 3D-printed material demonstrated greater resistance to fracture, indicating enhanced mechanical stability.
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