Observational studyCardiovascular diabetology2024
Metabolically "extremely unhealthy" obese and non-obese people with diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular adverse events: the Silesia Diabetes - Heart Project.
Observational study in Cardiovascular diabetology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05626413 (Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in Silesian Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes in Silesian Patients
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Phenotypic age metrics for risk stratification of chronic disease burden and all-cause mortality in adults.Cardiovascular diabetology. Endocrinology reports · 2026Article
- Interaction of hypertension and remnant cholesterol on arterial stiffness in Chinese middle-aged and elderly populations.Lipids in health and disease · 2026Article
- Prevalence and comorbidity burden of clinical obesity in US adults.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome is associated with increased mortality in individuals with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Obesity: Prevalence, causes, consequences, management, preventive strategies and future research directions.Metabolism open · 2025Review
- Real-World Use of ARNI Within GDMT in HFrEF Patients with and Without Atrial Fibrillation: A Retrospective Analysis of Cardiac and Renal Functions and Clinical Outcomes.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2025Article
- Association of Atherogenic Index of Plasma With Stroke Risk in a Population With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome Stages 0 to 3: The First Evidence From the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2025Article
- hs-CRP/HDL-C can predict the risk of all cause mortality in cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome stage 1-4 patients.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere is a growing burden of non-obese people with diabetes mellitus (DM). However, their cardiovascular risk (CV), especially in the presence of cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) comorbidities is poorly characterised. The aim of this study was to analyse the risk of major CV adverse events in people with DM according to the presence of obesity and comorbidities (hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and dyslipidaemia).
methodsWe analysed persons who were enrolled in the prospective Silesia Diabetes Heart Project (NCT05626413). Individuals were divided into 6 categories according to the presence of different clinical risk factors (obesity and CKM comorbidities): (i) Group 1: non-obese with 0 CKM comorbidities; (ii) Group 2: non-obese with 1-2 CKM comorbidities; (iii) Group 3: non-obese with 3 CKM comorbidities (non-obese "extremely unhealthy"); (iv) Group 4: obese with 0 CKM comorbidities; (v) Group 5: obese with 1-2 CKM comorbidities; and (vi) Group 6: obese with 3 CKM comorbidities (obese "extremely unhealthy"). The primary outcome was a composite of CV death, myocardial infarction (MI), new onset of heart failure (HF), and ischemic stroke.
results2105 people with DM were included [median age 60 (IQR 45-70), 48.8% females]. Both Group 1 and Group 6 were associated with a higher risk of events of the primary composite outcome (aHR 4.50, 95% CI 1.20-16.88; and aHR 3.78, 95% CI 1.06-13.47, respectively). On interaction analysis, in "extremely unhealthy" persons the impact of CKM comorbidities in determining the risk of adverse events was consistent in obese and non-obese ones (P
conclusionBoth non-obese and obese people with DM and 3 associated CKM comorbidities represent an "extremely unhealthy" phenotype which are at the highest risk of CV adverse events. These results highlight the importance of risk stratification of people with DM for risk factor management utilising an interdisciplinary approach.
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