ArticleAnatomical science international2025
A three-headed plantaris muscle with a bipartite insertion of its two accessory heads.
Article in Anatomical science international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Plantaris tendon morphology in Papio anubis: a comparative anatomical study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Vascular and Neural Compression Syndromes Associated with Plantaris Muscle Variants: A Classification-Based Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- The Plantaris Muscle Is Not Vestigial: Developmental, Comparative, and Functional Evidence for Its Sensorimotor Role.Biology · 2025Review
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5 authors.
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Abstract
The plantaris muscle consists of a small muscular and a long tendinous part and is located at the superficial compartment of the posterior leg. The purpose of the current cadaveric report is to describe a rare variant of the plantaris muscle. During a routine dissection, a three-headed plantaris with two accessory heads was identified with a variant insertion of the two accessory heads. All heads originated from the femur popliteal surface, independently the one from the other. The first head contributed to the long and thin calcaneal tendon, and the two accessory heads were mainly inserted via their musculoaponeurotic expansion into the medial femoral condyle. The plantaris muscle morphological variability has been extensively studied lately. The incidence of the two-headed muscle has been estimated at 1.6%, while the three-headed muscle corresponds to an even rarer variation. This is the third case reported in the English literature, while the insertion of the two accessory heads has never been described before.
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