ArticleHeart (British Cardiac Society)2024
Inequalities in access to and outcomes of cardiac surgery in England: retrospective analysis of Hospital Episode Statistics (2010-2019).
Article in Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07611045 (Cardiac Surgery Aftercare and Recovery Evaluation), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Cardiac Surgery Aftercare and Recovery Evaluation (CARE) - Understanding Patients' and Carers' Views About the Care Received After Leaving Hospital Following Cardiac Surgery: a Qualitative Study
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Sex and gender considerations in randomized controlled trials in critical care nephrology: a meta-epidemiologic study.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Family Health Conversations-A Short-Term Supportive Intervention to Improve Family Well-Being, Functioning, and Involvement in Care After Open-Heart Surgery: A Multicenter, Randomized, Parallel-Group Superiority Trial.Journal of family nursing · 2026Trial
- Impact of socioeconomic deprivation on early and long-term outcomes after major aortic surgery: insights from a 20-year single-centre cohort.Open heart · 2026Article
- Racial trends in outcomes and access to treatment for mitral regurgitation: a South London population cohort study.Open heart · 2026Observational
- Inequalities in Access to and Outcomes of Cardiac Surgery Among Patients with Mental Health Disorders.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Sex-Based Differences in Outcomes Following Mitral Valve Surgery: A Contemporary Analysis From 2 Institutions.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2026Article
- EuroSCORE II: Current limitations and physiological gaps in risk stratification.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Observational
- Reducing inequalities in cardiovascular disease: focus on marginalized populations considering ethnicity and race.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2025Review
- Article
- Socioeconomic deprivation is associated with worse in-hospital survival after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting in the UK.Interdisciplinary cardiovascular and thoracic surgery · 2025Article
- Disparities in Complication Rates Among Ethnic Minorities Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in the UK.Obesity surgery · 2025Article
- The impact of frailty on functional recovery after cardiac surgery-a case control study.Perioperative medicine (London, England) · 2025Article
- Predictors of Hospital Readmission After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting - Reflections and Perspectives.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia · 2025Article
- Article
- Postcode health inequalities in aortic valve surgery in North East England: retrospective study of disparities in presentation and hospital outcomes.BMJ public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe aimed to characterise the variation in access to and outcomes of cardiac surgery for people in England.
methodsWe included people >18 years of age with hospital admission for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart valve disease (HVD) between 2010 and 2019. Within these populations, we identified people who had coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) and/or valve surgery, respectively. We fitted logistic regression models to examine the effects of age, sex, ethnicity and socioeconomic deprivation on having access to surgery and in-hospital mortality, 1-year mortality and hospital readmission.
resultsWe included 292 140 people, of whom 28% were women, 11% were from an ethnic minority and 17% were from the most deprived areas. Across all types of surgery, one in five people are readmitted to hospital within 1 year, rising to almost one in four for valve surgery. Women, black people and people living in the most deprived areas were less likely to have access to surgery (CABG: 59%, 32% and 35% less likely; valve: 31%, 33% and 39% less likely, respectively) and more likely to die within 1 year of surgery (CABG: 24%, 85% and 18% more likely, respectively; valve: 19% (women) and 10% (people from most deprived areas) more likely).
conclusionsFemale sex, black ethnicity and economic deprivation are independently associated with limited access to cardiac surgery and higher post-surgery mortality. Actions are required to address these inequalities.
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