Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39225953›Full record

ArticleDaru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences2024

Glatiramer acetate in situ forming gel, a new approach for multiple sclerosis treatment.

Anahita Shobeirean, Hossein Attar, Reyhaneh Varshochian, Mohammad Amin Rezvanfar

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Anahita ShobeireanDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-0348-0285
Hossein AttarDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9357-6460
Reyhaneh VarshochianDepartment of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. varshochian@sbmu.ac.ir.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7762-6648
Mohammad Amin RezvanfarDepartment of Toxicology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-9694-3457

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGlatiramer acetate (GA), a commonly used treatment for multiple sclerosis (MS), requires long-term frequent injections to ensure its effectiveness. This often leads to adverse effects, patient noncompliance, and economic inefficiency.

objectivesIn this study, poloxamer, as a thermosensitive polymer modified by chitosan (CS) and hyaluronic acid (HA), was employed to prepare an in situ forming prolonged release formulation of GA to overcome the problems derived from frequent repeated injections and to enhance the patient compliance.

methodsThe sol-gel formulation was produced through a cold method and optimized using design of experiments. The final product was characterized in terms of gelation time (GT), rheological behaviors, morphological properties, assay, and drug release kinetics.

resultsThe in vitro release rate of GA during the first 24 h was quite rapid, but then it continued at a slower rate of 0.05 mg ml

conclusionIt can be concluded that the designed thermosensitive sol-gel formula is capable of extending the effectiveness of GA and can be considered as a promising sustained release formulation for the treatment of MS.

Indexed as

ChitosanGelsGlatiramer AcetateHyaluronic AcidMultiple SclerosisAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsDrug LiberationFemaleImmunosuppressive AgentsInjections, SubcutaneousMicePoloxamerRheologyUric AcidChitosanDelayed-Action PreparationsGelsGlatiramer AcetateHyaluronic AcidImmunosuppressive AgentsPoloxamerUric AcidDrug deliveryGlatiramer acetateIn situ gelMultiple sclerosisPoloxamer

Identifiers

PMID39225953
PMCPMC11554603

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.