ArticlePaediatric and perinatal epidemiology2025
Possible determinants of physical fitness in Japanese school children: A cross-sectional study.
Article in Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Dose-response association between different screen time behaviors and cardiorespiratory fitness among elementary and junior high school students: A population-based cross-sectional study in a Japanese city.Journal of exercise science and fitness · 2026Article
- Longitudinal Tracking of Objective Measures of Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Body Composition, and Physical Activity in Children.Medicine and science in sports and exercise · 2026Article
- Possible determinants of physical fitness in Japanese school children: A cross-sectional study.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
- Shedding Light on Physical Fitness During Childhood: Insights From Japan's Fitness Survey.Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPhysical fitness is one of the most important health indicators in children. Although appropriate body composition or certain lifestyle factors such as frequent physical activity are thought to improve physical fitness, results of previous studies are inconsistent, and most studies were from Western countries.
objectivesWe investigated associations of body composition and modifiable lifestyle factors such as physical activity, screen time, diet and sleep duration with physical fitness in Japanese primary school children.
methods2308 children (age 10-12 years old) in 12 primary schools were analysed in this cross-sectional study. Physical fitness was evaluated by sports battery tests conducted routinely and annually at schools. The total score of sports battery tests, 20-m shuttle run (laps) and grip strength (kg) were selected as outcomes. Information about lifestyle factors was collected by two questionnaires. Associations between lifestyle factors and physical fitness were assessed by multivariable linear mixed models by sex.
resultsFrequent exercise was related to better overall physical fitness. Regarding the 20-m shuttle run, many unfavourable lifestyle factors such as higher BMI in boys (β -7.37, 95% confidence interval [CI] -8.39, -6.35) and girls (β -3.54, 95% CI -4.50, -2.58), longer screen time (β -4.31, 95% CI -7.29, -1.34) in boys and girls (β -5.65, 95% CI -9.01, -2.30); shortest (reference) versus longest, breakfast skipping in boys (β -5.24, 95% CI -8.71, -1.77) and girls (β -3.57, 95% CI -6.84, -0.30); consumers (reference) versus skippers were associated with worse performance. Better quality of diet was associated with better results in the 20-m shuttle run only in girls (β 2.58, 95% CI 0.24, 4.93); lowest (reference) versus highest.
conclusionsFrequent exercise was related to better physical fitness. Higher BMI and unfavourable lifestyle factors such as longer screen time and breakfast skipping were associated with worse results of the 20-m shuttle run.
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