ArticleArchives of craniofacial surgery2024
Three-dimensional computer navigation in the reconstruction of complex unilateral orbital fractures: evaluation and review of applications.
Article in Archives of craniofacial surgery, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Orbital Destruction Intensity Classification-An Easy-to-Use, Numerical Scale for Assessing the Severity of Orbital Fractures.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe eyes are the central aesthetic unit of the face. Maxillofacial trauma can alter facial proportions and affect visual function with varying degrees of severity. Conventional approaches to reconstruction have numerous limitations, making the process challenging. The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the application of three-dimensional (3D) navigation in complex unilateral orbital reconstruction.
methodsA prospective cohort study was conducted over 19 months (January 2020 to July 2021), with consecutive enrollment of 12 patients who met the inclusion criteria. Each patient was followed for a minimum period of 6 months. The principal investigator carried out a comparative analysis of several factors, including fracture morphology, orbital volume, globe projection, diplopia, facial morphic changes, lid retraction, and infraorbital nerve hypoesthesia.
resultsNine patients had impure orbital fractures, while the remainder had pure fractures. The median orbital volume on the normal side (30.12 cm3; interquartile range [IQR], 28.45-30.64) was comparable to that of the reconstructed orbit (29.67 cm3; IQR, 27.92-31.52). Diplopia improved significantly (T(10) = 2.667, p = 0.02), although there was no statistically significant improvement in globe projection. Gross symmetry of facial landmarks was achieved, with comparable facial width-to-height ratio and palpebral fissure lengths. Two patients reported infraorbital hypoesthesia at presentation, which persisted at the 6-month follow-up. Additionally, five patients developed lower lid retraction (1-2 mm), and one experienced implant impingement at the infraorbital border.
conclusionOur study provides level II evidence supporting the use of 3D navigation to improve surgical outcomes in complex orbital reconstruction.
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