Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39223299›Full record

SynthesisEuropean journal of clinical nutrition2025

Association of maternal gut microbial metabolites with gestational diabetes mellitus: evidence from an original case-control study, meta-analysis, and Mendelian randomization.

Mengxin Yao, Yue Xiao, Yanqun Sun, Bing Zhang, Yaling Ding, Qiuping Ma, Fei Liang, Zhuoqiao Yang, Wenxin Ge, Songliang Liu and 3 more

Abstract readMeta-Analysis
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in European journal of clinical nutrition, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Mengxin YaoSuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China.
Yue XiaoDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Yanqun SunNanjing Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, China.
Bing ZhangDepartment of Geriatrics, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China.
Yaling DingDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Qiuping MaTaicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, 58 Changsheng Road, Suzhou, China.
Fei LiangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Zhuoqiao YangDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Wenxin GeDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Songliang LiuTaicang Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, The First People's Hospital of Taicang, 58 Changsheng Road, Suzhou, China.
Lili XinJiangsu Key Laboratory of Preventive and Translational Medicine for Major Chronic Non-communicable Diseases, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Jieyun YinDepartment of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China. jyyin@suda.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-5265-3930
Xiaoyan ZhuSuzhou Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Suzhou, China. zhuxiaoyan19@126.com.

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82273635
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe associations of gut microbial metabolites, such as trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), its precursors, and phenylacetylglutamine (PAGln), with the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remain unclear.

methodsSerum samples of 201 women with GDM and 201 matched controls were collected and then targeted metabolomics was performed to examine the metabolites of interest. Multivariable conditional logistic regression was applied to investigate the relationship between metabolites and GDM. Meta-analysis was performed to combine our results and four similar articles searched from online databases, and Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was eventually conducted to explore the causalities.

resultsIn the case-control study, after dichotomization and comparing the higher versus the lower group, the adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval of choline and L-carnitine with GDM were 2.124 (1.186-3.803) and 0.293 (0.134-0.638), respectively; but neutral relationships between TMAO, betaine, and PAGln with GDM were observed. The following meta-analysis consistently revealed that L-carnitine was negatively associated with GDM. However, MR analyses showed no evidence of causalities.

conclusionsMaternal levels of L-carnitine were related to the risk of GDM in both the original case-control study and meta-analysis. However, we did not observe any genetic evidence to establish a causal relationship between this metabolite and GDM.

Indexed as

CarnitineDiabetes, GestationalGastrointestinal MicrobiomeMendelian Randomization AnalysisMethylaminesAdultCase-Control StudiesCholineFemaleGlutamineHumansPregnancyCarnitineCholineGlutamineMethylaminesphenylacetylglutaminetrimethyloxamine

Identifiers

PMID39223299

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.