Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39222645›Full record

ArticleThe lancet. Healthy longevity2024

Life course financial mobility and later-life memory function and decline by gender, and race and ethnicity: an intersectional analysis of the US KHANDLE and STAR cohort studies.

Lindsay C Kobayashi, Rachel L Peterson, Xuexin Yu, Justina Avila-Rieger, Priscilla A Amofa-Ho, Clara Vila-Castelar, Erika Meza, C Elizabeth Shaaban, Rachel A Whitmer, Paola Gilsanz and 1 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in The lancet. Healthy longevity, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Association between proximity to a lead-releasing facility and cognition in diverse cohorts.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

11 authors.

Lindsay C KobayashiCenter for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, MI, USA. Electronic address: lkob@umich.edu.
Rachel L PetersonSchool of Public and Community Health Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA.
Xuexin YuCenter for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, MI, USA.
Justina Avila-RiegerTaub Institute for Research in Aging and Alzheimer's Disease, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
Priscilla A Amofa-HoDepartment of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Clara Vila-CastelarMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Erika MezaHarvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, MA, USA.
C Elizabeth ShaabanAlzheimer's Disease Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
Rachel A WhitmerDepartments of Public Health Sciences and Neurology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
Paola GilsanzKaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research, Oakland, CA, USA.
Elizabeth Rose MayedaDepartment of Epidemiology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.

Funding

UC Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research CenterP30AG072972 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Brittany Nicole Dugger · 2021 to 2026
$25.2M
Study of Healthy Aging in African AmericansR01AG050782 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI Paola Gilsanz, Rachel A Whitmer · 2023 to 2026
$19.1M
Lifecourse health, cerebral pathology and ethnic disparities in dementia (KHANDLE Study)R01AG052132 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI GILSANZ, PAOLA, GLYMOUR, MEDELLENA MARIA · 2021 to 2025
$18.0M
Population neuroscience of sex differences in the Alzheimer's disease biomarker cascade: The role of cerebral small vessel diseaseK01AG071849 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH · PI C. Elizabeth Shaaban · 2022 to 2026
$629k
Conference on Advanced Psychometric Methods in Cognitive Aging ResearchR13AG030995 · NIA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT DAVIS · PI MUNGAS, DAN M. · 2008 to 2022
$620k
NIA NIH HHS K01 AG071849NIA NIH HHS P30 AG072972NIA NIH HHS R01 AG050782NIA NIH HHS R01 AG052132NIA NIH HHS R13 AG030995
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundIntersectionality has rarely been considered in research studies of cognitive ageing. We investigated whether life-course financial mobility is differentially associated with later-life memory function and decline across intersectional identities defined by gender, and race and ethnicity.

methodsData were from two harmonised multiethnic cohorts (the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences cohort and the Study of Healthy Aging in African Americans cohort) in northern California, USA (n=2340). Life-course financial mobility, measured using a combination of self-reported financial capital measures in childhood (from birth to age 16 years) and later adulthood (at the cohort baseline) was defined as consistently high, upwardly mobile, downwardly mobile, or consistently low. We clustered individuals into 32 strata representing intersectional identities defined by life-course financial mobility combined with gender, and race and ethnicity. Verbal episodic memory was assessed using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales over four waves from 2017 to 2023. Adjusted mixed-effects linear regression models were estimated with and without fixed effects of gender, race and ethnicity, and financial mobility, to evaluate whether the random effects of the intersectional identity strata contributed variance to memory beyond individual fixed effects.

findingsMean age was 73·6 years (SD 8·1). Of 2340 individuals, 1460 (62·4%) were women, 880 (37·6%) were men, 388 (16·6%) were Asian, 1136 (48·5%) were Black, 334 (14·3%) were Latinx, and 482 (20·6%) were White. Consistently low and downwardly mobile financial capital were strongly negatively associated with later-life memory at baseline (-0·162 SD units [95% CI -0·273 to -0·051] for consistently low and -0·171 [-0·250 to -0·092] for downwardly mobile), but not rate of change over time. Intersectional identities contributed 0·2% of memory variance after accounting for the fixed effects of gender, race and ethnicity, and financial mobility.

interpretationConsistently low and downward life-course financial mobility are associated with lower later-life memory function. Intersectional identities defined by financial mobility in addition to gender, and race and ethnicity, contribute negligible additional variance to later-life memory in this study setting.

fundingUS National Institute on Aging, US National Institutes of Health.

Indexed as

IncomeMemory, EpisodicAgedCaliforniaCohort StudiesEthnicityFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedRacial GroupsSex Factors

Identifiers

PMID39222645
PMCPMC11472306

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.