ArticleDiscover oncology2024
CD24 affects the immunosuppressive effect of tumor-infiltrating cells and tumor resistance in a variety of cancers.
Article in Discover oncology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Targeted Therapy in Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Cancer (HPC): Advantages and Advancements of Antibody Drug Conjugates, a Type of Chemo-Biologic Hybrid Drugs.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- A NIR-Ⅱ-Immunostimulatory nanoplatform rewires immunometabolism to unleash STING-driven antitumor immunity.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Dual-Mechanism Aptamer-Drug Complex Overcomes Paclitaxel Resistance in Ovarian Cancer via Structural Constraint and Telomerase Inhibition.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Cellular senescence in cancer immunology and potential therapeutic strategy.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- CD24 as an innate immune checkpoint in solid tumors: biology, biomarker stratification, and therapeutic translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CD24 recruits tumor-associated neutrophils to promote the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Clonorchis sinensis-driven hepatocarcinogenesis via E2F1-CD24 transcriptional axis: mechanistic and therapeutic implications.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- High-resolution single-cell RNA sequencing using canFam4 reveals novel immune subsets and checkpoint programs in healthy dogs.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Tumor-associated macrophages in colon cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms, natural product interventions, and microenvironment remodeling.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCluster of differentiation 24 (CD24) is a highly glycosylated glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored surface protein, expressed in various tumor cells, as a "don't eat me" signaling molecule in tumor immune. This study aimed to investigate the potential features of CD24 in pan-cancer.
methodsThe correlations between 22 immune cells and CD24 expression were using TIMER analysis. R package "ESTIMATE" was used to predict the proportion of immune and stromal cells in pan-cancer. Spearman's correlation analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships between CD24 expression and immune checkpoints, chemokines, mismatch repair, tumor mutation burden and microsatellite instability, and qPCR and western blot were conducted to assess CD24 expression levels in liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC). In addition, loss of function was performed for the biological evaluation of CD24 in LIHC.
resultsCD24 expression was positively correlated with myeloid cells, including neutrophils and myeloid-derived suppressor cells, in various tumors, such as BLCA, HNSC-HPV, HNSC, KICH, KIRC, KIRP, TGCT, THCA, THYM, and UCEC. In contrast, anti-tumor NK cells and NKT cells showed a negative association with CD24 expression in BRCA-Her2, ESCA, HNSC-HPV, KIRC, THCA, and THYM. The top three tumors with the highest correlation between CD24 and ImmuneScore were TGCT, THCA, and SKCM. Functional enrichment analysis revealed CD24 expression was negatively associated with various immune-related pathways. Immune checkpoints and chemokines also exhibited inverse correlations with CD24 in CESC, CHOL, COAD, ESCA, READ, TGCT, and THCA. Additionally, CD24 was overexpressed in most tumors, with high CD24 expression in BRCA, LIHC, and CESC correlating with poor prognosis. The TIDE database indicated tumors with high CD24 expression, particularly melanoma, were less responsive to PD1/PD-L1 immunotherapy. Finally, CD24 knockdown resulted in impaired proliferation and cell cycle progression in LIHC.
conclusionCD24 participates in regulation of immune infiltration, influences patient prognosis and serves as a potential tumor marker.
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