Study to Assess the Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Measles in Children Admitted to a Tertiary Care Center: A Retrospective Study.

Background Measles remains a significant contributor to illness and death among young children, despite the presence of a safe and efficacious vaccine. One of the most highly transmissible viruses affecting humans is measles, which can be almost entirely prevented through vaccination. The recent surge in measles cases worldwide has been particularly notable in India. A total of 172 confirmed outbreaks of measles were recorded between October 2021 and September 2022, resulting in 12,589 cases. Measles, being highly contagious, is transmitted through the respiratory route. The disease affects 75 to 90% of susceptible household contacts, reaching peak infectivity three days before the rash emerges. The recent measles outbreak observed since January 2023 holds significance, as Bangalore district alone has reported around 500 cases. Therefore, the current study aims to evaluate the clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of measles in pediatric patients. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted over seven months. Data pertaining to demographics such as age, gender, parental occupation, parental educational background, and housing situation were gathered. Details regarding the child's immunization status, the onset of fever, and the onset of rash were also documented. Descriptive data was represented using mean, standard deviation, and percentage or proportion. Results Over the study period of seven months, 53 children were admitted due to measles. The majority of the individuals were female, accounting for 28 cases (52.8%). The typical clinical manifestations of measles such as cough, coryza, and conjunctivitis were documented in 45 (84.90%), 43 (81.13%), and 32 (60.37%) children, respectively. Specifically, two (3.77%), 14 (26.41%), 20 (37.73%), and 17 (32.07%) individuals were categorized as belonging to the upper middle, lower middle, upper lower, and lower socioeconomic strata. Six children in the nine- to 12-month age range had not received the measles-rubella (MR) vaccination. Thirteen (54.16%) out of 24 children aged one to five years had not received a single dose of the vaccine, while the children who had received at least one dose did not experience any complications. Among children aged less than nine months, nine to 12 months, and more than 12 months, three (100%), two (66.6%), and three (75%) respectively, experienced complications. All the patients recovered completely and were discharged from the hospital. Conclusion Measles is re-emerging as an infectious disease among children, as evidenced by the current outbreak. Study indicates that measles tends to impact infants and under five children more frequently. Through prompt and suitable medical intervention, all affected children experienced full recovery. It was observed that immunized children had fewer complications in comparison to their non-immunized counterparts. Acquiring a thorough understanding of the clinical profile of the illness is crucial for policymakers in developing essential guidelines for measles immunization coverage.