Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39219626›Full record

ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Western Pacific2024

Effect of the national integrated demonstration area for the prevention and control of noncommunicable diseases programme on behavioural risk factors in China: a synthetic difference-in-differences study.

Wenlan Dong, Xiao Zhang, Shiwei Liu, Xian Zhang, Zhaosheng Li, Ming Gu, Yibing Yang, Yichen E Fang, Han Li, Jing Qian and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Wenlan DongNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Xiao ZhangNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Shiwei LiuChinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Xian ZhangGlobal Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
Zhaosheng LiEconomics Department, Duke University, NC, USA.
Ming GuGlobal Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
Yibing YangOffice of Noncommunicable Disease and Aging Health Management, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Yichen E FangGlobal Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
Han LiNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Jing QianNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Mei ZhangNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Limin WangNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Lijing L YanGlobal Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, China.
Jing WuNational Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Background: The government-led community-based Chinese National Integrated Demonstration Areas for the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases programme was launched in 2011, but no rigorous impact evaluation has been conducted to date. We aimed to evaluate the causal effects of this programme on behavioural risk factors. Methods: We used data from the latest five waves of the China Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance. The primary outcome is a behavioural risk score combining current smoking, passive smoking, drinking in last month, regular exercise, body mass index, and waist circumference. We applied the synthetic difference-in-differences method and constructed synthetic controls from the non-demonstration areas with the outcome. The average treatment effects on the treated were estimated for overall effect and by short- (1-2), medium- (3-4), and long-term (6-7 years) effects. Findings: We identified 26 demonstration areas (N = 72,193) and 100 non-demonstration areas (N = 275,397). Participants in the demonstration areas had higher education and income levels and different pre-implementation trends than non-demonstration areas. Using synthetic controls instead of non-demonstration areas reduced these pre-implementation differences. Compared to the synthetic controls, declines were observed in current smoking (-1.78% [-4.51%, 0.96%]), passive smoking (-8.09% [-14.27%, -1.90%]), and drinking in last month (-4.04% [-8.75%, 0.67%]) but not in the other factors. Behavioural risk score declined by 1.05 short-term (95% CI: -1.84, -0.26), 1.15 medium-term (95% CI: -2.08, -0.22), 2.82 long-term (95% CI: -4.79, -0.85), and 1.54 overall (95% CI: -2.51, -0.56). Interpretation: The programme improved behavioural risk scores, primarily through reductions in the prevalence of smoking and drinking, and the effect was long-lasting. Our findings provided empirical evidence for utilizing an integrated prevention and control strategy to fight against NCD in China and other countries facing similar challenges. Funding: The China National Key Research and Development Program (2018YFC1315304 and 2017YFC1310902); National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872721).

Indexed as

Behavioural risk factorsImpact evaluationNoncommunicable diseasesProgramme evaluationSynthetic difference-in-differences

Identifiers

PMID39219626
PMCPMC11363990

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.