Observational studyBMC medicine2024
Gender-affirming hormonal therapy induces a gender-concordant fecal metagenome transition in transgender individuals.
Observational study in BMC medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02185274 (Observational Study on the Short- and Long-term Effects of Cross-sex-hormone Treatment on Metabolism and Psychopathology in Transsexuals Patients.), which is not on this map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Observational Study on the Short- and Long-term Effects of Cross-sex-hormone Treatment on Metabolism and Psychopathology in Transsexuals Patients.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Why probiotics fail: gut niche tension as the missing variable?Gut microbes · 2026Review
- The cervicovaginal gut microbiota axis as a key determinant of systemic physiology.Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Review
- The Biosocial Microbiome: Gender Identity, Geography, and Mucosal Microbial Phenotypes.Research square · 2026Article
- Correction: Gender-affirming hormonal therapy induces a gender-concordant fecal metagenome transition in transgender individuals.BMC medicine · 2025Article
- Therapeutic potential of the gut commensal bacteriumFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Review
- Intestinal permeability, food antigens and the microbiome: a multifaceted perspective.Frontiers in allergy · 2024Review
- Immune dynamics throughout life in relation to sex hormones and perspectives gained from gender-affirming hormone therapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
18 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundLimited data exists regarding gender-specific microbial alterations during gender-affirming hormonal therapy (GAHT) in transgender individuals. This study aimed to investigate the nuanced impact of sex steroids on gut microbiota taxonomy and function, addressing this gap. We prospectively analyzed gut metagenome changes associated with 12 weeks of GAHT in trans women and trans men, examining both taxonomic and functional shifts.
methodsThirty-six transgender individuals (17 trans women, 19 trans men) provided pre- and post-GAHT stool samples. Shotgun metagenomic sequencing was used to assess the changes in gut microbiota structure and potential function following GAHT.
resultsWhile alpha and beta diversity remained unchanged during transition, specific species, including Parabacteroides goldsteinii and Escherichia coli, exhibited significant abundance shifts aligned with affirmed gender. Overall functional metagenome analysis showed a statistically significant effect of gender and transition (R
conclusionsThis study provides compelling evidence of distinct taxonomic and functional profiles in the gut microbiota between trans men and women. GAHT induces androgenization in trans men and feminization in trans women, potentially impacting physiological and health-related outcomes.
trial registrationClinicaltrials.gov NCT02185274.
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