ArticleSports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.)2024
Contraception Choice for Female Endurance Athletes: What's Sport Got to Do With It? A Cross-Sectional Survey.
Article in Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Approach to sport-savvy contraceptive counselling for athletes.Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2026Review
- Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry per cent fat Z-score as a predictor of menstrual status in adolescent and young adult female athletes.British journal of sports medicine · 2026Article
- Prevalence, patterns and motives for hormonal contraceptive use among German servicewomen: results from a nationwide survey.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- The Development of a Valid and Reliable Questionnaire to Measure Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Contraceptive Knowledge Among Athletes and Sports Performance Support Staff.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Hormonal Contraceptive Use and Self-Reported Symptomatic Experiences Attributed to the Menstrual Cycle or Hormonal Contraceptive Use in Norwegian Women: The Effect of Training Categories and Age Groups - The FENDURA Project.Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports · 2025Article
- Sport can do better: female athletes' perspectives on managing menstrual and hormonal contraceptive cycle-related symptoms.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWhile there are several prescribed contraceptive methods available, limited evidence exists to guide contraceptive decision-making in the context of endurance sport.
objectivesStudy objectives were to characterize current and previous use, perceived impacts, and the decision process around contraceptives in endurance athletes.
methodsThis was an online survey study with female endurance athletes recruited through social media and emails to university/club coaches and sport organizations. Quantitative and qualitative data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and conventional content analysis, respectively.
resultsA total of 323 female endurance athletes participated. Among current contraception users (n = 182), 51% used hormonal intrauterine devices (hIUDs), 29% oral contraceptive pills (OCPs), and 13% nonhormonal IUDs (nhIUDs). hIUD users had the highest perceived positive training (39%) and competition (29%) impacts, citing reduced menstrual bleeding and symptoms as positive side effects. OCP and nhIUD users had higher rates of perceived negative training impacts (OCPs 10%, nhIUDs 30%). For OCP users, 31% reported perceived adverse body composition outcomes and 37% reported negative mood changes. Among nhIUD users, 74% experienced heavier, more irregular menstrual bleeding. Over half of participants were unsure about the impact of their current method on performance. For contraceptive selection, 95% felt that information from physicians was important, yet 32% felt performance was inadequately considered during counseling discussion. Athletes reported less frustration with their contraception choice when counseled in the context of sport.
conclusionsThis exploratory study quantifies and qualifies the lived experiences of female endurance athletes with contraception. hIUDs were the most currently used and well-tolerated contraceptives among participants. This research offers valuable insights for athletes seeking contraception and looking to optimize both performance and health, along with the healthcare professionals guiding them.
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