Trial reportBMC women's health2024
Pelvic floor muscle training for female urinary incontinence: development of a programme theory from a longitudinal qualitative case study.
Trial report in BMC women's health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-management of vaginal pessaries for pelvic organ prolapse: multi-method process evaluation, linked to the TOPSY randomised controlled trial.BMC medicine · 2025Trial
- Innovative Application of Mobile Health Management Combined with the Teach-Back Method in the Rehabilitation of Pelvic Floor Muscle in Postpartum Women with Urinary Incontinence.International urogynecology journal · 2025Trial
- User-Centered Demand Analysis for a Virtual Reality Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation System: Cross-Sectional Study Using the Kano Model.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evidence-based translation in postpartum pelvic floor rehabilitation nursing: recent advances and practical integration.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Perceptions and Experiences of Barriers to Pelvic Floor Muscle Training Among Pregnant Women: A Descriptive Phenomenological Study.Patient preference and adherence · 2026Article
- Preferences for postpartum pelvic floor muscle rehabilitation among pregnant women.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundUrinary incontinence (UI) negatively affects the well-being of women globally. Pelvic Floor Muscle Training (PFMT) is a complex intervention that aims to decrease UI symptoms. Information about how the multiple complex components involved in PFMT achieve and maintain the desired effect are rarely studied as a whole. The evidence base lacks data about how women experience PFMT over time and in the longer-term. This study explored women's experiences of biofeedback-assisted PFMT and PFMT alone, to identify and understand what influenced self-reported adherence to PFMT, and UI outcomes over time.
methodsThis rigorous longitudinal qualitative case study, nested within a randomised controlled trial, recruited forty cases (women with stress or mixed UI; 20 in biofeedback-assisted and 20 in PFMT alone group). A case included up to four semi-structured interviews with each woman (prior to starting PFMT, end of treatment [6 months], 12 months, 24 months). Analysis followed case study analytic traditions, resulting in a Programme Theory about PFMT from the perspectives of women with UI.
findingsThe theory demonstrates factors that motivated women to seek UI treatment, and how these influenced long-term adherence. Therapists who delivered PFMT played a crucial role in supporting women to know how to undertake PFMT (to have capability). Some, but not all, women developed self-efficacy for PFMT. Where women did not have PFMT self-efficacy, adherence tended to be poor. When women had PFMT self-efficacy, the conditions to support adherence were present, but contextual factors could still intercede to inhibit adherence. The intercession of contextual factors was individual to a woman and her life, meaning any particular contextual factor had inconsistent influences on PFMT adherence over time for individual women and exerted varying influences across different women.
conclusionLong term adherence to PFMT is a complex interaction between many different factors. Enquiring about an individual woman's motivation to seek treatment and understanding the contextual factors that affect an individual woman will enable a practitioner to support longer-term adherence.
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