ArticleJournal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation2024
Pilot study of using transcranial temporal interfering theta-burst stimulation for modulating motor excitability in rat.
Article in Journal of neuroengineering and rehabilitation, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intraoperative temporal interference (TI)-noninvasive brain stimulation prevents postoperative delirium in mice.Fundamental research · 2026Article
- Temporal interference stimulation for deep brain neuromodulation in humans.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Review
- Ventral striatum temporal interference brain stimulation enhances the reward positivity event-related potential and reduces anxiety.Research square · 2026Article
- Non-contact radiofrequency stimulation to the olfactory nerve of human subjects.APL bioengineering · 2025Article
- Temporal interference stimulation over the motor cortex enhances cortical excitability in rats.Scientific reports · 2025Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Transcranial temporal interference stimulation (tTIS) is a promising brain stimulation method that can target deep brain regions by delivering an interfering current from surface electrodes. Most instances of tTIS stimulate the brain with a single-frequency sinusoidal waveform generated by wave interference. Theta burst stimulation is an effective stimulation scheme that can modulate neuroplasticity by generating long-term potentiation- or depression-like effects. To broaden tTIS application, we developed a theta burst protocol using tTIS technique to modulate neuroplasticity in rats. Two cannula electrodes were unilaterally implanted into the intact skull over the primary motor cortex. Electrical field of temporal interference envelopes generated by tTIS through cannula electrodes were recorded from primary motor cortex. Theta burst schemes were characterized, and motor activation induced by the stimulation was also evaluated simultaneously by observing electromyographic signals from the corresponding brachioradialis muscle. After validating the stimulation scheme, we further tested the modulatory effects of theta burst stimulation delivered by tTIS and by conventional transcranial electrical stimulation on primary motor cortex excitability. Changes in the amplitude of motor evoked potentials, elicited when the primary motor cortex was activated by electrical pulses, were measured before and after theta burst stimulation by both techniques. Significant potentiation and suppression were found at 15 to 30 min after the intermittent and continuous theta burst stimulation delivered using tTIS, respectively. However, comparing to theta burst stimulations delivered using conventional form of transcranial electrical stimulation, using tTIS expressed no significant difference in modulating motor evoked potential amplitudes. Sham treatment from both methods had no effect on changing the motor evoked potential amplitude. The present study demonstrated the feasibility of using tTIS to achieve a theta burst stimulation scheme for motor cortical neuromodulation. These findings also indicated the future potential of using tTIS to carry out theta burst stimulation protocols in deep-brain networks for modulating neuroplasticity.
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